The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Abstract

The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.

32 pages, 20 figures; matches published version

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• First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment
• First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• First Results from the XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory
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• Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
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• The XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment
• The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment
• Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT
• The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
• Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal effect or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T
• Projected WIMP Sensitivity of the XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment
• Constraining the Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections with XENON1T
• Rucio - Scientific data management
• Simultaneous Measurement of Ionization and Scintillation from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon as Target for a Dark Matter Experiment
• Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T experiment
• First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: a two phase xenon detector for dark matter detection
• First observation of two-neutrino double electron capture in ${}^{124}$Xe with XENON1T
• Design and Performance of the XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment
• Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment
• XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal & Background Models, and Statistical Inference
• Conceptual design and simulation of a water Cherenkov muon veto for the XENON1T experiment
• Dark Matter Search Results from the Commissioning Run of PandaX-II
• Spatially uniform calibration of a liquid xenon detector at low energies using 83m-Kr
• Removing krypton from xenon by cryogenic distillation to the ppq level
• Investigation of background electron emission in the LUX detector
• XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection
• Material radioassay and selection for the XENON1T dark matter experiment
• A Search for Light Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption on Electrons in PandaX-4T
• Gator: a low-background counting facility at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory
• Performance of the Hamamatsu R11410 Photomultiplier Tube in cryogenic Xenon Environments
• Qualification Tests of the R11410-21 Photomultiplier Tubes for the XENON1T Detector
• Krypton assay in xenon at the ppq level using a gas chromatographic system and mass spectrometer
• Online ${}^{222}$Rn removal by cryogenic distillation in the XENON100 experiment
• First results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling, using the XENON1T experiment
• ${}^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment
• Design, construction and commissioning of a high-flow radon removal system for XENONnT
• The XENON1T Data Acquisition System
• Study and mitigation of spurious electron emission from cathodic wires in noble liquid time projection chambers
• Liquid-phase purification for multi-tonne xenon detectors
• Improved quality tests of R11410-21 photomultiplier tubes for the XENONnT experiment
• 3D Modeling of Electric Fields in the LUX Detector
• A Rn-220 source for the calibration of low-background experiments
• Radon depletion in xenon boil-off gas
• The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment
• Radon daughter removal from PTFE surfaces and its application in liquid xenon detectors
• Limits on the release of Rb isotopes from a zeolite based 83mKr calibration source for the XENON project
• Magnetically-coupled piston pump for high-purity gas applications
• GeMSE: a Low-Background Facility for Gamma-Spectrometry at Moderate Rock Overburden
• Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal ${}^{37}$Ar Source
• Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T
• Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment
• Optical response of highly reflective film used in the water Cherenkov muon veto of the XENON1T dark matter experiment
• Characterization of a ${}^{220}$Rn source for low-energy electronic recoil calibration of the XENONnT detector
• Cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble gas applications
• Accurate GPS-based timestamp facility for Gran Sasso National Laboratory
• VUV Transmission of PTFE for Xenon-based Particle Detectors

Cited by in corpus (37)

• Gravitational Wave Signals of Pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter in the ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ Complex Singlet Model
• WIMP Dark Matter Search using a 3.1 Tonne-Year Exposure of the XENONnT Experiment
• First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT
• Search for Light Dark Matter in Low-Energy Ionization Signals from XENONnT
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• Reactor neutrino liquid xenon coherent elastic scattering experiment
• First Sub-MeV Dark Matter Search with the QROCODILE Experiment Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory
• XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference
• A Novel Low-Background Photomultiplier Tube Developed for Xenon Based Detectors
• Anapole moment of neutrinos and radioactive sources near liquid xenon detectors
• Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k
• Super-Kamiokande Strongly Constrains Leptophilic Dark Matter Capture in the Sun
• Constraining neutrino electromagnetic properties with recent low-energy electron recoil data at dark matter direct detection experiments
• Testing the dark side of neutrino oscillations with the solar neutrino fog at Dark Matter experiments
• Dark Matter Internal Pair Production -- A Novel Direct Detection Mechanism
• Challenging Spontaneous Quantum Collapse with XENONnT
• Light Dark Matter Search with 7.8 Tonne-Year of Ionization-Only Data in XENONnT
• Prospects for the detection of Dark Matter with Long-lived Mediators in the Sun using the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
• When backgrounds become signals: neutrino interactions in xenon-based dark matter detectors
• Measuring the Low-Energy Weak Mixing Angle with Supernova Neutrinos
• GRANITE: High-Resolution Imaging and Electrical Qualification of Large-Area TPC Electrodes
• Characterization of external cross-talk from silicon photomultipliers in a liquid xenon detector
• GRANITE: Mechanical Characterization and Optical Inspection of Large-Area TPC Electrodes
• Development & Characterization of Electrodes for large-scale Xenon Time Projection Chambers
• Defect Formation in NaI Crystals: A Novel Pathway to Dark Matter Detection
• Design and operation of a flash lamp for vacuum ultraviolet light production
• Feasibility to probe the dynamical scotogenic model at the LHC
• Test of electric charge conservation in dark matter direct detection experiment
• A rapid low-background assay of ${}^{210}$Pb in archaeological lead
• Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase
• Probing the Solar ${}^8$B Neutrino Fog with XENONnT
• Dark Matter Clumps as Sources of Gravitational-Wave Glitches in LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA data
• Quartz fluorescence backgrounds in xenon particle detectors
• Non-thermal Dark Matter in $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ Extension of Inert Doublet Model
• Constraining Fermionic Dark Matter with Galactic Neutron Stars