Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Abstract

The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.

References in corpus (12)

• First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run
• First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment
• Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT
• First Results from the DarkSide-50 Dark Matter Experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
• Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar ${}^8$B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
• Measurement of the Drift Velocity and Transverse Diffusion of Electrons in Liquid Xenon with the EXO-200 Detector
• Calibration of a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with a ${}^{37}$Ar source
• ${}^{83\text{m}}$Kr calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search
• 3D Modeling of Electric Fields in the LUX Detector
• High Voltage in Noble Liquids for High Energy Physics
• Characterization of alpha and beta interactions in liquid xenon

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment
• WIMP Dark Matter Search using a 3.1 Tonne-Year Exposure of the XENONnT Experiment
• The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference
• Probing the Solar ${}^8$B Neutrino Fog with XENONnT