Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal ${}^{37}$Ar Source

Abstract

A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal ${}^{37}$Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3$\pm$0.3) photons/keV and (40.6$\pm$0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0${}_{-3.7}^{+6.3}$) electrons/keV. The ${}^{37}$Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83$\pm$0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that ${}^{37}$Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.

References in corpus (9)

• Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT
• Results from the First Science Run of the ZEPLIN-III Dark Matter Search Experiment
• Emission of Single and Few Electrons in XENON1T and Limits on Light Dark Matter
• Conceptual design and simulation of a water Cherenkov muon veto for the XENON1T experiment
• Nuclear recoil energy scale in liquid xenon with application to the direct detection of dark matter
• Qualification Tests of the R11410-21 Photomultiplier Tubes for the XENON1T Detector
• A Review of Basic Energy Reconstruction Techniques in Liquid Xenon and Argon Detectors for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics Using NEST
• Calibration of a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with a ${}^{37}$Ar source
• Measurement of Charge and Light Yields for ${}^{127}$Xe L-Shell Electron Captures in Liquid Xenon

Cited by in corpus (8)

• First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment
• The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment
• Probing Light Inelastic Dark Matter from Direct Detection
• Electron-ion recombination in composite interactions in liquid xenon
• Light Dark Matter Search with 7.8 Tonne-Year of Ionization-Only Data in XENONnT
• Preparation and measurement of an ${}^{37}$Ar source for liquid xenon detector calibration
• GRANITE: Mechanical Characterization and Optical Inspection of Large-Area TPC Electrodes
• Low-energy threshold demonstration for dark matter searches in TREX-DM with an ${}^{37}$Ar source produced at CNA HiSPANoS