Indistinguishable telecom band photons from a single erbium ion in the solid state

Abstract

Atomic defects in the solid state are a key component of quantum repeater networks for long-distance quantum communication. Recently, there has been significant interest in rare earth ions, in particular Er${}^{3+}$ for its telecom-band optical transition, but their application has been hampered by optical spectral diffusion precluding indistinguishable single photon generation. In this work we implant Er${}^{3+}$ into CaWO${}_4$, a material that combines a non-polar site symmetry, low decoherence from nuclear spins, and is free of background rare earth ions, to realize significantly reduced optical spectral diffusion. For shallow implanted ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities with large Purcell factor, we observe single-scan optical linewidths of 150 kHz and long-term spectral diffusion of 63 kHz, both close to the Purcell-enhanced radiative linewidth of 21 kHz. This enables the observation of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between successively emitted photons with high visibility, measured after a 36 km delay line. We also observe spin relaxation times $T_1$ = 3.7 s and $T_2$ > 200 $\mu$s, with the latter limited by paramagnetic impurities in the crystal instead of nuclear spins. This represents a significant step towards the construction of telecom-band quantum repeater networks with single Er${}^{3+}$ ions.

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• Remote distribution of non-classical correlations over 1250 modes between a telecom photon and a ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ crystal
• Erbium-Implanted Materials for Quantum Communication Applications
• Controlling single rare earth ion emission in an electro-optical nanocavity
• Entangling Color-Different Photons via Time-Resolved Measurement and Active Feed-Forward
• Spectral multiplexing of telecom emitters with stable transition frequency
• Telecom-band quantum interference of frequency-converted photons from remote detuned NV centers
• Coherent control of a nuclear spin via interactions with a rare-earth ion in the solid-state
• Hybrid microwave-optical scanning probe for addressing solid-state spins in nanophotonic cavities

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• One-Way Quantum Repeater with Rare-Earth-Ions Doped in Solids
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• Nuclear quadrupole interaction and zero first-order Zeeman transitions of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$ in CaWO${}_4$
• Collective Radiative Enhancement of Rare-Earth Ions in Lithium Niobate via Engineered LargeArea Nanohole Arrays
• Comparing the performance of practical two-qubit gates for individual ${}^{171}$Yb ions in yttrium orthovanadate