Altermagnetism: spin-momentum locked phase protected by non-relativistic symmetries
arXiv:2105.05820 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.12.031042
Abstract
The search for novel magnetic quantum phases, phenomena and functional materials has been guided by relativistic magnetic-symmetry groups in coupled spin and real space from the dawn of the field in 1950s to the modern era of topological matter. However, the magnetic groups cannot disentangle non-relativistic phases and effects, such as the recently reported unconventional spin physics in collinear antiferromagnets from the typically weak relativistic spin-orbit coupling phenomena. Here we discover that more general spin symmetries in decoupled spin and crystal space categorize non-relativistic collinear magnetism in three phases: conventional ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, and a third distinct phase combining zero net magnetization with an alternating spin-momentum locking in energy bands, which we dub "altermagnetic". For this third basic magnetic phase, which is omitted by the relativistic magnetic groups, we develop a spin-group theory describing six characteristic types of the altermagnetic spin-momentum locking. We demonstrate an extraordinary spin-splitting mechanism in altermagnetic bands originating from a local electric crystal field, which contrasts with the conventional magnetic or relativistic splitting by global magnetization or inversion asymmetry. Based on first-principles calculations, we identify altermagnetic candidates ranging from insulators and metals to a parent crystal of cuprate superconductor. Our results underpin emerging research of quantum phases and spintronics in high-temperature magnets with light elements, vanishing net magnetization, and strong spin-coherence.
35 pages including Supplementary information, 8 figures, 1 table
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- Spin-Selective Second-Order Topological Insulators Enabling Cornertronics in 2D Altermagnets
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- Intertwined Orders and the Physics of High Temperature Superconductors
- Non-linear anomalous Edelstein response at altermagnetic interfaces
- Theory of Coulomb driven nematicity in a multi-valley two-dimensional electron gas
- Influence of magnetism, strain and pressure on the band topology of EuCdAs
- Two-Dimensional Altermagnetic Iron Oxyhalides: Real Chern Topology and Valley-Spin-Lattice Coupling
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- Dimension- and Facet-Dependent Altermagnetic Biferroics and Ferromagnetic Biferroics and Triferroics in CrSb
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- Tunability of the magnetic properties in Ni intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide NbSe
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- Josephson current signature of Floquet Majorana and topological accidental zero modes in altermagnet heterostructures
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- Tunable altermagnetism via inter-chain engineering in parallelassembled atomic chains
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- Impact of strong electronic correlations on altermagnets: the case of NiS2
- Enhancement of Josephson Supercurrent in a -Junction state by Chiral Antiferromagnetism
- Approaches to tunnel magnetoresistance effect with antiferromagnets
- Quantum fluctuations in two-dimensional altermagnets
- Spin-biased quantum spin Hall effect in altermagnetic Lieb lattice
- Tuning spin currents in collinear antiferromagnets and altermagnets
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism originating from the term in collinear altermagnets under trigonal crystal field
- Local setting of spin textures in a granular antiferromagnet
- Altermagnetism and Anomalous Transport in Ag Fluorides: KAgF and KAgF
- Revival of Layered Ferroelectrics in Thin Films
- Spin-resolved quasiparticle interference patterns on altermagnets via non-spin-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy
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- Magnon topology driven by altermagnetism
- Saturated and Anisotropic Magnetostriction in an Altermagnet
- Projectively implemented altermagnetism in an exactly solvable quantum spin liquid
- Rational Control of Magnonic and Electronic Band Splittings
- Spin Hall magnetoresistance at the altermagnetic insulator/Pt interface
- Tunneling magnetoresistance in a junction made of -wave magnets with
- Quantum spin models of commensurate -wave magnets
- Multipole analysis of spin currents in altermagnetic MnTe
- Altermagnetic Metal-Organic Frameworks
- Reversing Neel Vector in PT-Antiferromagnets by Nonreciprocal Light Scattering
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- Orbital splitter effect and spatial resolution of current-induced orbital accumulation
- Fermi liquid theory of -wave altermagnets: demon modes and Fano-demon states
- Floquet-Engineering Weyl Points and Linked Fermi Arcs from Straight Nodal Lines
- Finite-momentum mixed singlet-triplet pairing in chiral antiferromagnets induced by even-parity spin texture
- Multipole order in two-dimensional altermagnets
- Nonrelativistic Functional Properties in Collinear Antiferromagnets Based on Multipole Representation Theory
- Ab-initio study of the beta Fe2O3 phase
- Analysis of Spin Current Generation by Elastic Waves in -wave Altermagnets
- Eightfold Degenerate Dirac Nodal Line in Collinear Antiferromagnet MnSi
- On the Néel Vector Dependence of X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Altermagnets
- Band Geometry Induced Third-Harmonic Generation
- Network model for magnetic higher-order topological phases
- Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
- Orbital altermagnetism on the kagome lattice and possible application to VSb
- Strain-tunable anomalous Hall effect in hexagonal MnTe
- Bipolarized Weyl semimetals and quantum crystal valley Hall effect in two-dimensional altermagnetic materials
- KOMPASS: the new cold neutron triple-axis-spectrometer specialized for polarization analysis
- Néel vector controlled charge and spin transport in altermagnetic junctions
- Standard model of electromagnetism and chirality in crystals
- Altermagnetism in an interacting model of Kagome materials
- Composite antiferromagnetic and orbital order with altermagnetic properties at a cuprate/manganite interface
- Electric-field-induced magnetic toroidal moment and nonlinear magnetoelectric effect in antiferromagnetic olivines
- Interplay between Superconductivity and Altermagnetism in Disordered Materials and Heterostructures
- Current switching behavior mediated via hinge modes in higher-order topological phases using altermagnets
- Edge spin galvanic effect in altermagnets
- Coupling of plasmons to the two-magnon continuum in antiferromagnets
- Time inversion symmetry in the Dirac and Schrödinger-Pauli theories
- Non-Hermitian higher-order topological insulators enabled by altermagnet engineering
- Josephson diode and spin-valve effects on the surface of altermagnet CrSb
- Dichroic cavity mode splitting and lifetimes from interactions with a ferromagnetic metal
- Staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and canting angle in centrosymmetric altermagnetic and ferromagnetic phases: influence on the anomalous Hall effect and Weyl points
- Van-Hove singularities and competing instabilities in an altermagnetic metal
- Nonlinear spin-Seebeck diode in -wave magnets, third-order spin-Nernst effects in -wave magnets and spin-Nernst effects in -wave altermagnets
- Effect of symmetry breaking on altermagnetism in CrSb and Formation of fragmented nodal curves
- Ultrafast Magneto-optical Fingerprints of Altermagnetism in MnTe
- Floquet-Engineered Chern Insulator in two-dimensional -Wave Altermagnets
- Tailoring Corner States and Exceptional Points in Altermagnets
- Higher-order topological insulators in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic chromium-based group-IV chalcogenides
- Absence of magnetic order in epitaxial RuO2 revealed by X-ray linear dichroism
- Electrically switchable non-relativistic Zeeman spin splittings in collinear antiferromagnets
- Theory of Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy of Altermagnetic Mott Insulators
- Magnetic precession induced spin accumulation in collinear antiferromagnets
- Charge disproportionation as a possible mechanism towards polar antiferromagnetic metal in molecular orbital crystal
- Spin transport in a normal meta-altermagnetic superconducting nanowire junction
- Probing multipolar order in the candidate altermagnet MnF through the elastocaloric effect under strain
- Optical signatures of bulk g-wave altermagnetism in MnTe
- Josephson effects in the spin-triplet superconductor/altermagnet/spin-triplet superconductor junctions: the detection of the intrinsic -vector
- Competitive Orders in Altermagnetic Chiral Magnons
- Unconventional Spin Valve Based on Normal Metal/Chiral Molecule/Altermagnet Junctions
- Second-order topological insulator induced by compensated altermagnetism without bulk spin splitting
- Hyperspin Altermagnets
- Quantum oscillation fingerprints of altermagnetism in hole-doped RuO2
- Ferroelectric switchable altermagnetic-like compensated ferrimagnets with charge ordering
- Anti-higher-order Weyl semimetal
- Double- chiral stripe order in the anomalous Hall antiferromagnet CoNbS
- Wurtzite MnSe as a barrier for CdSe quantum wells with built-in electric field
- Electric-Field-induced Two-Dimensional Fully Compensated Ferrimagnetism and Emergent Transport Phenomena
- Phonon-enhanced optical spin-conductivity and spin-splitter effect in altermagnets
- Magnon Thermal Hall Effect Induced By Symmetric Exchange Interaction
- Classification of magnon thermal Hall systems based on U(1) to non-Abelian gauge fields
- Spin-Orbit Coupling-Driven Chirality Switching of Spin Waves in Altermagnets
- Piezomagnetic effect of a rare-earth-based altermagnet TbPt6Al3
- Coexistence of d-Wave Altermagnetism and Topological States in Janus FeSeX (X = S, Te) Monolayers
- Electrical Modulation and Probing of Antiferromagnetism in Hybrid Multiferroic Heterostructures
- Altermagnetism Induced Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces Form Topological Superconductivity
- Fermi-liquid behavior and characteristic temperature-dependent susceptibility in clean RuO crystal
- Revealing Spin and Spatial Symmetry Decoupling: New Insights into Magnetic Systems with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
- Surface acoustic wave driven acoustic spin splitter in d-wave altermagnetic thin films
- Topological superconductivity and superconducting diode effect mediated via unconventional magnet and Ising spin-orbit coupling
- D-Wave Phonon Angular Momentum Texture in Altermagnets by Magnon-Phonon Hybridization
- Interaction enhanced altermagnet in the Hatsugai-Kohmoto model
- Quantum-impurity sensing of altermagnetic order
- Absence of magnetic order and magnetic fluctuations in RuO
- Electric field controlled second-order anomalous Hall effect in altermagnets
- Pseudo-Goldstone mode in altermagnetic -MnTe: high-field electron spin resonance studies
- Altermagnetism of ultrathin CrSb slabs
- Spin-Polarized Magnetic Metal Electrodes for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
- Quantum geometric map of magnetotransport
- Spin triplet pairing by suppressing altermagnetism
- Spontaneous emergence of altermagnetism in the single-orbital extended Hubbard model
- Nonlinear opto-magnetic signature of d-wave altermagnets
- Antiferroaxial altermagnetism
- Altermagnetism and Weak Magnetism in the Insulating Distorted Perovskite Antiferromagnet NaOsO
- Ab initio study of magnetoresistance effect in antiferromagnetic tunnel junction
- Moiré-resonant surface state in ultrathin RuO
- Reliable Magnetometry for Antiferromagnets and Thin Films: Correcting Substrate Artifacts in Mn3Sn/MgO Systems
- Time reversal reserved spin valve and spin transistor based on unconventional -wave magnets
- Fourth-order and six-order nonlinear spin current rectifier in three-dimensional -wave and -wave odd-parity magnet
- Superconducting States and Intertwined Orders in Metallic Altermagnets
- Physical Pictures for Quasisymmetry in Crystals
- ESR Investigations of the Magnetic Anisotropy in -(BETS)Mn[N(CN)]