The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Abstract

We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements.

References in corpus (25)

• Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
• Implication of neutrino backgrounds on the reach of next generation dark matter direct detection experiments
• The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment
• Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment
• WIMP-nucleon cross-section results from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III
• Systematic study of trace radioactive impurities in candidate construction materials for EXO-200
• LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report
• Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment
• Low-energy (0.7-74 keV) nuclear recoil calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment using D-D neutron scattering kinematics
• Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment
• Response of photomultiplier tubes to xenon scintillation light
• LUXSim: A Component-Centric Approach to Low-Background Simulations
• Low Background Gamma Spectroscopy at the Boulby Underground Laboratory
• Study of radon reduction in gases for rare event search experiments
• ${}^{83\text{m}}$Kr calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search
• Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches
• Detection of krypton in xenon for dark matter applications
• Measurement of the absolute reflectance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) immersed in liquid xenon
• Study and mitigation of spurious electron emission from cathodic wires in noble liquid time projection chambers
• Measurement of the Gamma Ray Background in the Davis Cavern at the Sanford Underground Research Facility
• A simple high-sensitivity technique for purity analysis of xenon gas
• Observation of light emission from Hamamatsu R11410-20 photomultiplier tubes
• Ultra-low background mass spectrometry for rare-event searches
• A Liquid Scintillation Detector for Radioassay of Gadolinium-Loaded Liquid Scintillator for the LZ Outer Detector
• Reflectance dependence of polytetrafluoroethylene on thickness for xenon scintillation light

Cited by in corpus (118)

• First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
• Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• SNEWS 2.0: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multi-messenger Astronomy
• Searches for light dark matter using condensed matter systems
• A Search for the Cosmic Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter at the PandaX-II Experiment
• Explaining the XENON1T excess with Luminous Dark Matter
• Introducing DMRadio-GUT, a search for GUT-scale QCD axions
• Inverse Primakoff Scattering as a Probe of Solar Axions at Liquid Xenon Direct Detection Experiments
• The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs
• A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure
• Light Dark Matter from Inflaton Decay
• Low-mass inelastic dark matter direct detection via the Migdal effect
• New constraint on neutrino magnetic moment and neutrino millicharge from LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search results
• Model-independent determination of the Migdal effect via photoabsorption
• Testing sterile neutrino mixing with present and future solar neutrino data
• The DFSZ axion in the CMB
• Absorption of Sub-MeV Fermionic Dark Matter by Electron Targets
• Hidden Photon Dark Matter in the Light of XENON1T and Stellar Cooling
• Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment
• New Experimental Constraints in a New Landscape for Composite Dark Matter
• Background Determination for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment
• Towards Probing the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in All Flavors
• Precise predictions and new insights for atomic ionisation from the Migdal effect
• Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
• Constraining $f(Q,L_m)$ gravity with bulk viscosity
• Boosted Neutrinos and Relativistic Dark Particles as Messengers from Reheating
• Projected sensitivities of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to new physics via low-energy electron recoils
• Light vector mediators at direct detection experiments
• Constraints on general neutrino interactions with exotic fermion from neutrino-electron scattering experiments
• New constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the LZ experiment
• Nucleus Capture by Macroscopic Dark Matter
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• Natural Twin Neutralino Dark Matter
• The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• Spin-dependent sub-GeV Inelastic Dark Matter-electron scattering and Migdal effect: (I). Velocity Independent Operator
• First Constraints on WIMP-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Couplings in an Extended Energy Region From LUX-ZEPLIN
• A Study on the radon removal performance of low background activated carbon
• XENONnT and LUX-ZEPLIN constraints on DSNB-boosted dark matter
• EFT Approach of Inelastic Dark Matter for Xenon Electron Recoil Detection
• A search for solar axions and anomalous neutrino magnetic moment with the complete PandaX-II data
• Constraining Light Mediators via Detection of Coherent Elastic Solar Neutrino Nucleus Scattering
• The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment
• Characterization of alpha and beta interactions in liquid xenon
• Non-standard neutrino interactions in light mediator models at reactor experiments
• Internal Calibration of the PandaX-II Detector with Radon Gaseous Sources
• Optimizing Energetic Light Dark Matter Searches in Dark Matter and Neutrino Experiments
• Constraints on General Light Mediators from PandaX-II Electron Recoil Data
• Enhancing Neutrino Event Reconstruction with Pixel-Based 3D Readout for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers
• Probing neutrino magnetic moments and the XENON1T excess with coherent elastic solar neutrino scattering
• Cosmogenic activation in double beta decay experiments
• Cosmogenic production of ${}^{37}$Ar in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
• Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to the two-neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decays of ${}^{134}$Xe
• Up-scattering production of a sterile fermion at DUNE: complementarity with spallation source and direct detection experiments
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory
• An Effective Field Theory Analysis of the First LUX Dark Matter Search
• GeV Scale Inelastic Dark Matter with Dark Photon Mediator via Direct Detection and Cosmological/Laboratory Constraints
• Evaluation of cosmogenic production of ${}^{39}Ar$ and ${}^{42}Ar$ for rare-event physics using underground argon
• Design, construction and commissioning of the PandaX-30T liquid xenon management system
• A practical approach of high precision U and Th concentration measurement in acrylic
• The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems
• Novel electron and photon recording concepts in noble-liquid detectors
• New constraints on cosmic ray-boosted dark matter from the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
• Observation of low-lying isomeric states in ${}^{136}$Cs: a new avenue for dark matter and solar neutrino detection in xenon detectors
• Two-neutrino double electron capture of ${}^{124}$Xe in the first LUX-ZEPLIN exposure
• A Large Muon EDM from Dark Matter
• GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector
• Reduction of ${}^{222}$Rn-induced Backgrounds in a Hermetic Dual-Phase Xenon Time Projection Chamber
• Operation and performance of a dual-phase crystalline/vapor xenon time projection chamber
• Constraints on New Physics with Light Mediators and Generalized Neutrino Interactions via Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering
• The Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LZ Calibration Systems
• Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture
• A machine learning-based methodology for pulse classification in dual-phase xenon time projection chambers
• Why would you put a flashlight in a dark matter detector?
• On the Electrode Configurations in a Large Single Phase Liquid Xenon Detector for Dark Matter Searches
• Cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble gas applications
• Production and characterization of a ${}^{222}$Rn-emanating stainless steel source
• Measurements and models of enhanced recombination following inner-shell vacancies in liquid xenon
• Scintillation decay-time constants for alpha particles and electrons in liquid xenon
• Probing the Scalar WIMP-Pion Coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data
• Finding Dark Matter Faster with Explicit Profile Likelihoods
• Measurement of the Angular Distribution of Wavelength-Shifted Light Emitted by TPB
• Low-Energy Electron-Track Imaging for a Liquid Argon Time-Projection-Chamber Telescope Concept using Probabilistic Deep Learning
• Design and characterization of AmLi neutron sources for the LZ experiment
• Optical Calibration System for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Outer Detector
• Nuclear and electron scattering by neutrinos and dark matter in condensed systems
• Constraints On Covariant WIMP-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Interactions from the First Science Run of the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment
• A portable and high intensity 24 keV neutron source based on ${}^{124}$Sb-${}^9$Be photoneutrons and an iron filter
• Design and production of the high voltage electrode grids and electron extraction region for the LZ dual-phase xenon time projection chamber
• Defect Formation in NaI Crystals: A Novel Pathway to Dark Matter Detection
• HydroX, a light dark matter search with hydrogen-doped liquid xenon time projection chambers
• Optimization of Software on High Performance Computing Platforms for the LUX-ZEPLIN Dark Matter Experiment
• Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier IF08 Topical Group Report: Noble Element Detectors
• Validation of the VUV-reflective coating for next-generation liquid xenon detectors
• Searching for MeV-mass neutrinophilic Dark Matter with Large Scale Dark Matter Detectors
• A Comprehensive Monte Carlo Simulation Tool on Electron Transport in Noble Gases and Liquids
• Radon Emanation from Dust of Varying Composition and Size
• Characterization of external cross-talk from silicon photomultipliers in a liquid xenon detector
• A LN2-based cryogenic system prototype for future PandaX experiment
• When backgrounds become signals: neutrino interactions in xenon-based dark matter detectors
• GRANITE: High-Resolution Imaging and Electrical Qualification of Large-Area TPC Electrodes
• GRANITE: Mechanical Characterization and Optical Inspection of Large-Area TPC Electrodes
• Development & Characterization of Electrodes for large-scale Xenon Time Projection Chambers
• Neutrinos from Diffuse Supernova Background
• Design and operation of a flash lamp for vacuum ultraviolet light production
• R-Symmetric NMSSM
• Exploring vector dark matter via effective interactions
• Nuclear effects in proton decay
• Dark Matter Detection With Bound Nuclear Targets: The Poisson Phonon Tail
• Measurement of the Quantum Efficiency of Electrode Materials for VUV Photons in Liquid Xenon
• Vector Dark Matter in a $U(1{)}_X$ extended 2HDM
• Monte Carlo Simulation Variance Reduction Techniques for Photon Transport in Liquid Xenon Detectors
• Search for New Physics via Low-Energy Electron Recoils with a 4.2 Tonne\times Year Exposure from the LZ Experiment
• Characterisation of silicon photomultipliers in a dilution refrigerator down to 9.4 mK towards a cryogenic cosmic-ray muon veto system
• A Liquid Xenon Positron Target Concept
• Suppression of electrical breakdown phenomena in liquid TriMethyl Bismuth based ionization detectors
• Ultra-clean radon-free four cylinder magnetically-coupled piston pump