GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector

Abstract

Understanding propagation of scintillation light is critical for maximizing the discovery potential of next-generation liquid xenon detectors that use dual-phase time projection chamber technology. This work describes a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector implemented using Chroma, a GPU-based photon tracking framework. To evaluate the framework and to explore ways of maximizing efficiency and minimizing the time of light collection, we simulate several variations of the conventional detector design. Results of these selected studies are presented. More generally, we conclude that the approach used in this work allows one to investigate alternative designs faster and in more detail than using conventional Geant4 optical simulations, making it an attractive tool to guide the development of the ultimate liquid xenon observatory.

arXiv commentUpdated to address the referees' comments, add few more authors. Journal reference added

References in corpus (42)

• Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T
• Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
• Light Dark Matter Search with Ionization Signals in XENON1T
• Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run
• DARWIN: towards the ultimate dark matter detector
• The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
• Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset
• Projected WIMP Sensitivity of the XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment
• The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay
• NEXO: Neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond $10^{28}$ year half-life sensitivity
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• First Searches for Axions and Axion-Like Particles with the LUX Experiment
• First observation of two-neutrino double electron capture in ${}^{124}$Xe with XENON1T
• Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector
• Absorption of Scintillation Light in a 100 $\ell$ Liquid Xenon$\gamma$ Ray Detector and Expected Detector Performance
• Rayleigh Scattering in Rare Gas Liquids
• Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11410-10 3-Inch Photomultiplier Tube for Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments
• Performance of the Hamamatsu R11410 Photomultiplier Tube in cryogenic Xenon Environments
• Measurement of the refractive index and attenuation length of liquid xenon for its scintillation light
• Characterisation of Silicon Photomultipliers for Liquid Xenon Detectors
• Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment
• Spectral Photon Sorting For Large-Scale Cherenkov and Scintillation Detectors
• Measurements of proportional scintillation and electron multiplication in liquid xenon using thin wires
• Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers for nEXO
• Measurement of the absolute reflectance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) immersed in liquid xenon
• Liquid xenon scintillation measurements and pulse shape discrimination in the LUX dark matter detector
• Extending light WIMP searches to single scintillation photons in LUX
• Liquid-phase purification for multi-tonne xenon detectors
• Kiloton-scale xenon detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay and other new physics searches
• Field dependence of electronic recoil signals in a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber
• Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths
• A measurement of the time profile of scintillation induced by low energy gamma-rays in liquid xenon with the XMASS-I detector
• Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon
• A measurement of the scintillation decay time constant of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon with the XMASS-I detector
• Proposal of a Geiger-type Single-Phase Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber as Potential Detector Technique for Dark Matter Direct Search
• Precision measurements of the scintillation pulse shape for low-energy recoils in liquid xenon
• Study of Silicon Photomultiplier Performance in External Electric Fields
• Performance of a Radial Time Projection Chamber with Electroluminescence in Liquid Xenon
• Prospects of charge signal analyses in liquid xenon TPCs with proportional scintillation in the liquid phase
• Scintillation decay-time constants for alpha particles and electrons in liquid xenon

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• Generative Adversarial Networks for Scintillation Signal Simulation in EXO-200
• Performance of an Optical TPC Geant4 Simulation with Opticks GPU-Accelerated Photon Propagation
• Design Challenges for a Future Liquid Xenon Observatory
• Validation of the VUV-reflective coating for next-generation liquid xenon detectors