Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Abstract

Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon.

arXiv comment21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST

References in corpus (11)

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• Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO
• VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO
• Characterisation of Silicon Photomultipliers for Liquid Xenon Detectors
• Reflectance of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for Xenon Scintillation Light
• Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers for nEXO
• Measurement of the absolute reflectance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) immersed in liquid xenon
• A model of the reflection distribution in the vacuum ultra violet region
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Cited by in corpus (14)

• A Review of Basic Energy Reconstruction Techniques in Liquid Xenon and Argon Detectors for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics Using NEST
• Performance of novel VUV-sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers for nEXO
• Kiloton-scale xenon detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay and other new physics searches
• Performance of Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPMs for detecting liquid argon scintillation
• Characterization of VUV4 SiPM for Liquid Argon Detector
• Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths
• Reflectivity of VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers in Liquid Xenon
• Measurement of the Photon Detection Efficiency of Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPMs at Cryogenic Temperature
• GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector
• Benchmarking of Geant4 simulations for the COSI Anticoincidence System
• Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Photon Detection Efficiency at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
• Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers in Linear Alkylbenzene
• Demonstrating a broadband Photon Detection Efficiency model on VUV sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers
• Validation of the VUV-reflective coating for next-generation liquid xenon detectors