Improving the Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Results from Murchison Widefield Array Season 1 Observations

Abstract

Measurements of 21 cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) structure are subject to systematics originating from both the analysis and the observation conditions. Using 2013 data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), we show the importance of mitigating both sources of contamination. A direct comparison between results from Beardsley et al. 2016 and our updated analysis demonstrates new precision techniques, lowering analysis systematics by a factor of 2.8 in power. We then further lower systematics by excising observations contaminated by ultra-faint RFI, reducing by an additional factor of 3.8 in power for the zenith pointing. With this enhanced analysis precision and newly developed RFI mitigation, we calculate a noise-dominated upper limit on the EoR structure of ${\Delta }^2\le 3.9\times 10^3$ mK${}^2$ at $k=0.20$ $\text{h}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$ and $z=7$ using 21 hr of data, improving previous MWA limits by almost an order of magnitude.

arXiv comment21 pages, 10 figures, published in ApJ, updated title and text

References in corpus (67)

• HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
• LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
• The Murchison Widefield Array: the Square Kilometre Array Precursor at low radio frequencies
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• An absorption profile centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum
• 21cmFAST: A Fast, Semi-Numerical Simulation of the High-Redshift 21-cm Signal
• Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA)
• GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey I: A low-frequency extragalactic catalogue
• Model-independent evidence in favor of an end to reionization by z~6
• The Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization: 8 Station Results
• The Dearth of z~10 Galaxies in all HST Legacy Fields -- The Rapid Evolution of the Galaxy Population in the First 500 Myr
• A morphological algorithm for improving radio-frequency interference detection
• Bright Source Subtraction Requirements For Redshifted 21 cm Measurements
• Early star-forming galaxies and the reionization of the Universe
• What Next-Generation 21 cm Power Spectrum Measurements Can Teach Us About the Epoch of Reionization
• A simulation calibrated limit on the HI power spectrum from the GMRT Epoch of Reionization experiment
• A Per-Baseline, Delay-Spectrum Technique for Accessing the 21cm Cosmic Reionization Signature
• Science with the Murchison Widefield Array
• The non-coplanar baselines effect in radio interferometry: The W-Projection algorithm
• Four Fundamental Foreground Power Spectrum Shapes for 21 cm Cosmology Observations
• Post-correlation radio frequency interference classification methods
• Upper limits on the 21-cm Epoch of Reionization power spectrum from one night with LOFAR
• The Epoch of Reionization Window: I. Mathematical Formalism
• PAPER-64 Constraints on Reionization: The 21cm Power Spectrum at z=8.4
• Inferring the astrophysics of reionization and cosmic dawn from galaxy luminosity functions and the 21-cm signal
• 21CMMC: an MCMC analysis tool enabling astrophysical parameter studies of the cosmic 21 cm signal
• The z~6 Luminosity Function Fainter than -15 mag from the Hubble Frontier Fields: The Impact of Magnification Uncertainties
• The Phase II Murchison Widefield Array: Design Overview
• Imaging the Epoch of Reionization: limitations from foreground confusion and imaging algorithms
• The impact of point source subtraction residuals on 21 cm Epoch of Reionization estimation
• All-Sky Interferometry with Spherical Harmonic Transit Telescopes
• Calibration Requirements for Detecting the 21 cm Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum and Implications for the SKA
• The GMRT-EoR Experiment: A new upper limit on the neutral hydrogen power spectrum at z~8.6
• Real-Time Calibration of the Murchison Widefield Array
• Opening the 21cm EoR Window: Measurements of Foreground Isolation with PAPER
• Coaxing Cosmic 21cm Fluctuations from the Polarized Sky using m-mode Analysis
• First Season MWA EoR Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
• A study of fundamental limitations to statistical detection of redshifted HI from the epoch of reionization
• The low-frequency environment of the Murchison Widefield Array: radio-frequency interference analysis and mitigation
• Initial deep LOFAR observations of Epoch of Reionization windows: I. The North Celestial Pole
• CHIPS: The Cosmological HI Power Spectrum Estimator
• Empirical Covariance Modeling for 21 cm Power Spectrum Estimation: A Method Demonstration and New Limits from Early Murchison Widefield Array 128-Tile Data
• Quantifying the non-Gaussianity in the EoR 21-cm signal through bispectrum
• First Limits on the 21 cm Power Spectrum during the Epoch of X-ray heating
• Fast Holographic Deconvolution: a new technique for precision radio interferometry
• The Fundamental Multi-Baseline Mode-Mixing Foreground in 21 cm EoR Observations
• The Importance of Wide-field Foreground Removal for 21 cm Cosmology: A Demonstration With Early MWA Epoch of Reionization Observations
• Probing non-Gaussian features in the HI distribution at the epoch of reionization
• The Murchison Widefield Array 21 cm Power Spectrum Analysis Methodology
• Characterizing Signal Loss in the 21 cm Reionization Power Spectrum: A Revised Study of PAPER-64
• Fast gain calibration in radio astronomy using alternating direction implicit methods: Analysis and applications
• The EoR Sensitivity of the Murchison Widefield Array
• The Murchison Widefield Array Commissioning Survey: A Low-Frequency Catalogue of 14,110 Compact Radio Sources over 6,100 Square Degrees
• The 21cm bispectrum as a probe of non-Gaussianities due to X-ray heating
• Understanding the Diversity of 21 cm Cosmology Analyses
• Constraining the epoch of reionization with the variance statistic: simulations of the LOFAR case
• The impact of interference excision on 21-cm Epoch of Reionization power spectrum analyses
• Visibility based angular power spectrum estimation in low frequency radio interferometric observations
• Interferometric imaging with the 32 element Murchison Wide-field Array
• The FHD/$\mathbf{\epsilon }$ppsilon Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Pipeline
• Improved 21 cm Epoch Of Reionization Power Spectrum Measurements with a Hybrid Foreground Subtraction and Avoidance Technique
• Tapering the sky response for angular power spectrum estimation from low-frequency radio-interferometric data
• A High Reliability Survey of Discrete Epoch of Reionization Foreground Sources in the MWA EoR0 Field
• Gridded and direct Epoch of Reionisation bispectrum estimates using the Murchison Widefield Array
• A Digital-Receiver for the Murchison Widefield Array
• Comparison of observing modes for statistical estimation of the 21cm signal from the Epoch of Reionisation
• Upper Limits on the 21 cm Power Spectrum at z = 5.9 from Quasar Absorption Line Spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (112)

• Improved upper limits on the 21-cm signal power spectrum of neutral hydrogen at $\mathbf{z}\approx 9.1$ from LOFAR
• Data Analysis for Precision 21 cm Cosmology
• Deep multi-redshift limits on Epoch of Reionisation 21cm Power Spectra from Four Seasons of Murchison Widefield Array Observations
• First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum
• Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations
• Astraeus I: The interplay between galaxy formation and reionization
• Constraining the intergalactic medium at $z\approx$ 9.1 using LOFAR Epoch of Reionization observations
• First Season MWA Phase II EoR Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
• Tight Constraints on the Excess Radio Background at $z=9.1$ from LOFAR
• High-redshift radio galaxies: a potential new source of 21-cm fluctuations
• Interpreting LOFAR 21-cm signal upper limits at z~9.1 in the context of high-z galaxy and reionisation observations
• Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling II: A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• Emulating the Global 21-cm Signal from Cosmic Dawn and Reionization
• A new MWA limit on the 21 cm Power Spectrum at Redshifts $\sim$ 13 $-$ 17
• Exploring reionisation and high-z galaxy observables with recent multi-redshift MWA upper limits on the 21-cm signal
• Constraining the state of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization using MWA 21-cm signal observations
• First upper limits on the 21 cm signal power spectrum from cosmic dawn from one night of observations with NenuFAR
• Comparing Foreground Removal Techniques for Recovery of the LOFAR-EoR 21cm Power Spectrum
• Redundant-Baseline Calibration of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• A 21-cm power spectrum at 48 MHz, using the Owens Valley Long Wavelength Array
• Absolute Calibration Strategies for the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and Their Impact on the 21 cm Power Spectrum
• Machine learning astrophysics from 21 cm lightcones: impact of network architectures and signal contamination
• Redshifted 21-cm Bispectrum I: Impact of the Redshift Space Distortions on the Signal from the Epoch of Reionization
• Redshift-space distortions in simulations of the 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn
• A Unified Calibration Framework for 21 cm Cosmology
• Elevated UV luminosity density at Cosmic Dawn explained by non-evolving, weakly mass-dependent star formation efficiency
• Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum II: Impact of the spin temperature fluctuations and redshift space distortions on the signal from the Cosmic Dawn
• Improving constraints on the reionization parameters using 21-cm bispectrum
• Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase II Deployment and Commissioning
• Constraining the X-ray heating and reionization using 21-cm power spectra with Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation
• Quantifying Excess Power from Radio Frequency Interference in Epoch of Reionization Measurements
• Validation of the HERA Phase I Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum Software Pipeline
• A Map of Diffuse Radio Emission at 182 MHz to Enhance Epoch of Reionization Observations in the Southern Hemisphere
• Assessing the impact of two independent direction-dependent calibration algorithms on the LOFAR 21-cm signal power spectrum
• Detection of Cosmic Structures using the Bispectrum Phase. II. First Results from Application to Cosmic Reionization Using the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• Studying Cosmic Dawn using redshifted HI 21-cm signal: A brief review
• The Epoch of Reionization 21-cm Bispectrum: The impact of light-cone effects and detectability
• Extracting the 21 cm EoR signal using MWA drift scan data
• Statistical recovery of 21cm visibilities and their power spectra with Gaussian constrained realisations and Gibbs sampling
• Modelling and peeling extended sources with shapelets: a Fornax A case study
• The impact of non-Gaussianity on the Epoch of Reionization parameter forecast using 21-cm power spectrum measurements
• A unified framework for 21cm tomography sample generation and parameter inference with Progressively Growing GANs
• Statistical analysis of the causes of excess variance in the 21 cm signal power spectra obtained with the Low-Frequency Array
• The Impact of Beam Variations on Power Spectrum Estimation for 21-cm Cosmology I: Simulations of Foreground Contamination for HERA
• Evidence of Ultra-faint Radio Frequency Interference in Deep 21~cm Epoch of Reionization Power Spectra with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Impact of dark matter models on the EoR 21-cm signal bispectrum
• Methods of Error Estimation for Delay Power Spectra in $21\text{cm}$ Cosmology
• Modelling Population III stars for semi-numerical simulations
• Quantifying EoR delay spectrum contamination from diffuse radio emission
• Exploring the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization with 21cm line
• Probing early universe through redshifted 21-cm signal: Modelling and observational challenges
• Sky-averaged 21-cm signal extraction using multiple antennas with an SVD framework: the REACH case
• Beyond the horizon: Quantifying the full sky foreground wedge in the cylindrical power spectrum
• Impact of instrument and data characteristics in the interferometric reconstruction of the 21 cm power spectrum
• Forecasts and Statistical Insights for Line Intensity Mapping Cross-Correlations: A Case Study with 21cm x [CII]
• Calibration Requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations -- I. Effect of time-correlated gains
• Modelling the star-formation activity and ionizing properties of high-redshift galaxies
• The Role of the Instrumental Response in 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum Gridding Analyses
• Implications of the $z>5$ Lyman-$\alpha$ forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization
• On the general nature of 21cm-Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters cross-correlations during reionisation
• Constraints on the state of the IGM at $z\sim 8-10$ using redshifted 21-cm observations with LOFAR
• Probing the primordial Universe with 21-cm line from cosmic dawn/epoch of reionization
• A galaxy-free phenomenological model for the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization
• All Sky Modelling Requirements for Bayesian 21 cm Power Spectrum Estimation with BayesEoR
• Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum: Impact of the source models on the signal and the IGM physics from the Cosmic Dawn
• CII and HI 21-cm line intensity mapping from the EoR: Impact of the light-cone effect on auto and cross-power spectra
• Degree-Scale Galactic Radio Emission at 122 MHz around the North Celestial Pole with LOFAR-AARTFAAC
• Improved upper limits on the 21-cm signal power spectrum at $z=17.0$ and $z=20.3$ from an optimal field observed with NenuFAR
• Simulation-Based Inference of the sky-averaged 21-cm signal from CD-EoR with REACH
• Distinguishing reionization models using the largest cluster statistics of the 21-cm maps
• Efficient exploration of reionization parameters for the upcoming 21 cm observations using a photon conserving semi-numerical model SCRIPT
• Ionospheric contributions to the excess power in high-redshift 21-cm power-spectrum observations with LOFAR
• Square Kilometre Array Science Data Challenge 3a: foreground removal for an EoR experiment
• AGN types and unification model
• Predicting 21cm-line map from Lyman $\alpha$ emitter distribution with Generative Adversarial Networks
• Effects of model incompleteness on the drift-scan calibration of radio telescopes
• Why and When to Expect Gaussian Error Distributions in Epoch of Reionization 21-cm Power Spectrum Measurements
• Impact of the Epoch of Reionization sources on the 21-cm bispectrum
• Delay-Weighted Calibration: Precision Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology with Resilience to Sky Model Error
• Pre-selection of the Candidate Fields for Deep Imaging of the Epoch of Reionization with SKA1-Low
• A Comparative Analysis To Deal With Missing Spectral Information Caused By RFI In Cosmological HI 21CM Observations
• Interpreting the HI 21-cm cosmology maps through Largest Cluster Statistics -- I: Impact of the synthetic SKA1-Low observations
• Search for the Epoch of Reionisation with HERA: Upper Limits on the Closure Phase Delay Power Spectrum
• Towards Optimal Foreground Mitigation Strategies for Interferometric HI Intensity Mapping in the Low-Redshift Universe
• Measurements of one-point statistics in 21 cm intensity maps via foreground avoidance strategy
• The Tracking Tapered Gridded Estimator (TTGE) for the power spectrum from drift scan observations
• Aliasing from Galactic Plane Setting in Widefield Radio Interferometry
• Large HI optical depth and Redshifted 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn
• Characterizing Beam Errors for Radio Interferometric Observations of Reionization
• Prospects of FRBs and Large Scale 21 cm Power Spectra in Constraining the Epoch of Reionization
• Deep learning approach for identification of HII regions during reionization in 21-cm observations -- III. image recovery
• Ionospheric effect on the synthetic Epoch of Reionization observations with the SKA1-Low
• Strategy for mitigation of systematics for EoR experiments with the Murchison Widefield Array
• 21 cm Intensity Mapping with the DSA-2000
• Detecting 21 cm EoR Signal using Drift Scans: Correlation of Time-ordered Visibilities
• Synthetic Observations with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) -- development towards an end-to-end pipeline
• Exploring One-point Statistics in HERA Phase I Data: Effects of Foregrounds and Systematics on Measuring One-Point Statistics
• The 21cm-galaxy cross-correlation: Realistic forecast for 21cm signal detection and reionisation constraints
• Calibration requirement for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observation -- III. Bias and variance in uGMRT ELAIS-N1 field power spectrum
• Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Limits from Murchison Widefield Array Data Targeted at EoR1 Field
• From ANN to BNN: Inferring Reionization Parameters using Uncertainty-aware Emulators of 21-cm Summaries
• Extracting the Epoch of Reionization Signal with 3D U-Net Neural Networks Using Data-driven Systematic Effect Model
• Particle production during inflation: constraints expected from redshifted 21 cm observations from the epoch of reionization
• Cosmic backgrounds from the radio to the far-infrared: recent results and perspectives from cosmological and astrophysical surveys
• The Effect of Large Optical Depths on the Non-Gaussian 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn
• The haloes that reionized the Universe
• Removing systematics-induced 21-cm foreground residuals by cross-correlating filtered data
• Beyond the Power Spectrum: A New Framework for Non-Stationary Fields with Applications to Light-Cone Effects in Line Intensity Mapping
• Simulation based inference of the ionization history from the 2D 21 cm power spectrum
• CosmoUiT: A Vision Transformer-UNet Hybrid for Fast and Accurate Emulation of 21-cm Maps from the Epoch of Reionization
• Imaging and Modeling Data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• Mitigating incoherent excess variance in high-redshift 21 cm observations with multi-output cross-Gaussian process regression