CHIPS: The Cosmological HI Power Spectrum Estimator

Abstract

Detection of the cosmological neutral hydrogen signal from the Epoch of Reionization, and estimation of its basic physical parameters, is the principal scientific aim of many current low-frequency radio telescopes. Here we describe the Cosmological HI Power Spectrum Estimator (CHIPS), an algorithm developed and implemented with data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), to compute the two-dimensional and spherically-averaged power spectrum of brightness temperature fluctuations. The principal motivations for CHIPS are the application of realistic instrumental and foreground models to form the optimal estimator, thereby maximising the likelihood of unbiased signal estimation, and allowing a full covariant understanding of the outputs. CHIPS employs an inverse-covariance weighting of the data through the maximum likelihood estimator, thereby allowing use of the full parameter space for signal estimation ("foreground suppression"). We describe the motivation for the algorithm, implementation, application to real and simulated data, and early outputs. Upon application to a set of 3 hours of data, we set a 2$\sigma$ upper limit on the EoR dimensionless power at $k=0.05$~h.Mpc${}^{-1}$ of ${\Delta }_k^2<7.6\times 10^4$~mK${}^2$ in the redshift range $z=[6.2-6.6]$, consistent with previous estimates.

34 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (95)

• Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA)
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• The Phase II Murchison Widefield Array: Design Overview
• Data Analysis for Precision 21 cm Cosmology
• Deep multi-redshift limits on Epoch of Reionisation 21cm Power Spectra from Four Seasons of Murchison Widefield Array Observations
• Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude
• Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations
• First Season MWA EoR Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
• Improving the Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Results from Murchison Widefield Array Season 1 Observations
• Statistical 21-cm Signal Separation via Gaussian Process Regression Analysis
• The Impact of Modeling Errors on Interferometer Calibration for 21 cm Power Spectra
• Systematic biases in low frequency radio interferometric data due to calibration: the LOFAR EoR case
• The first power spectrum limit on the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen during the Cosmic Dawn at z=20-25 from LOFAR
• First Limits on the 21 cm Power Spectrum during the Epoch of X-ray heating
• First Season MWA Phase II EoR Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
• Detection of Cosmological 21 cm Emission with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
• Parametrising Epoch of Reionization foregrounds: A deep survey of low-frequency point-source spectra with the MWA
• Bubble size statistics during reionization from 21-cm tomography
• Redundant Array Configurations for 21 cm Cosmology
• The Murchison Widefield Array 21 cm Power Spectrum Analysis Methodology
• Characterizing Signal Loss in the 21 cm Reionization Power Spectrum: A Revised Study of PAPER-64
• Low Frequency Radio Constraints on the Synchrotron Cosmic Web
• A new MWA limit on the 21 cm Power Spectrum at Redshifts $\sim$ 13 $-$ 17
• Exploring reionisation and high-z galaxy observables with recent multi-redshift MWA upper limits on the 21-cm signal
• Mitigating the Effects of Antenna-to-Antenna Variation on Redundant-Baseline Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology
• Understanding the Diversity of 21 cm Cosmology Analyses
• Spectral calibration requirements of radio interferometers for Epoch of Reionisation science with the SKA
• The impact of interference excision on 21-cm Epoch of Reionization power spectrum analyses
• Comparing Redundant and Sky Model Based Interferometric Calibration: A First Look with Phase II of the MWA
• Spherical Harmonic Analyses of Intensity Mapping Power Spectra
• DAYENU: A Simple Filter of Smooth Foregrounds for Intensity Mapping Power Spectra
• HI 21cm Cosmology and the Bi-spectrum: Closure Diagnostics in Massively Redundant Interferometric Arrays
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• Machine learning astrophysics from 21 cm lightcones: impact of network architectures and signal contamination
• Polarized Redundant-Baseline Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology Without Adding Spectral Structure
• The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array Dish II: Characterization of Spectral Structure with Electromagnetic Simulations and its science Implications
• The Bias and Uncertainty of Redundant and Sky-Based Calibration under Realistic Sky and Telescope Conditions
• Improved 21 cm Epoch Of Reionization Power Spectrum Measurements with a Hybrid Foreground Subtraction and Avoidance Technique
• Detailed study of ELAIS N1 field with the uGMRT -- II. Source Properties and Spectral Variation Of Foreground Power Spectrum from 300-500 MHz Observations
• PUMA: The Positional Update and Matching Algorithm
• Science with the Murchison Widefield Array: Phase I Results and Phase II Opportunities
• Wide-field LOFAR-LBA power-spectra analyses: Impact of calibration, polarization leakage and ionosphere
• Gridded and direct Epoch of Reionisation bispectrum estimates using the Murchison Widefield Array
• Calibration and 21-cm Power Spectrum Estimation in the Presence of Antenna Beam Variations
• Contamination of the Epoch of Reionization power spectrum in the presence of foregrounds
• Precision requirements for interferometric gridding in 21-cm power spectrum analysis
• Constraining Polarized Foregrounds for EOR Experiments II: Polarization Leakage Simulations in the Avoidance Scheme
• A high resolution foreground model for the MWA EoR1 field: model and implications for EoR power spectrum analysis
• Demonstrating the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the Cosmological HI 21-cm Power Spectrum using $150\mathrm{MHz}$ GMRT observations
• Validation of the HERA Phase I Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum Software Pipeline
• A Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the Multi-Frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) and the Cosmological HI 21-cm Power Spectrum
• The effect of baseline layouts on the EoR foreground wedge: a semi-analytical approach
• Exploring the evolution of Reionisation using a wavelet transform and the light cone effect
• Statistical recovery of 21cm visibilities and their power spectra with Gaussian constrained realisations and Gibbs sampling
• Extracting the 21 cm EoR signal using MWA drift scan data
• Extracting the 21-cm Power Spectrum and the reionization parameters from mock datasets using Artificial Neural Networks
• An Improved Statistical Point-Source Foreground Model for the Epoch of Reionization
• Delay Spectrum with Phase-Tracking Arrays: Extracting the HI power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization
• Characterizing EoR foregrounds: A study of the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
• Exploring the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization with 21cm line
• Variations in fundamental constants at the cosmic dawn
• Detecting the HI Power Spectrum in the Post-Reionization Universe with SKA-Low
• The study of the angular and spatial distribution of radio selected AGNs and star-forming galaxies in the ELAIS N1 field
• Detectability of 21cm-signal during the Epoch of Reionization with 21cm-Lyman-α emitter cross-correlation. II. Foreground contamination
• Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum: Impact of the source models on the signal and the IGM physics from the Cosmic Dawn
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• Direct Optimal Mapping for 21cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
• Building models for extended radio sources: implications for Epoch of Reionisation science
• Upper Limits on the 21 cm Power Spectrum at z = 5.9 from Quasar Absorption Line Spectroscopy
• Multi-frequency angular power spectrum of the 21~cm signal from the Epoch of Reionisation using the Murchison Widefield Array
• A study on the Clustering Properties of Radio-Selected sources in the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
• Effects of model incompleteness on the drift-scan calibration of radio telescopes
• Square Kilometre Array Science Data Challenge 3a: foreground removal for an EoR experiment
• Validating a novel angular power spectrum estimator using simulated low frequency radio-interferometric data
• Towards $21$-cm intensity mapping at $z=2.28$ with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator II: Cross-polarization power spectrum
• Statistical Performance of Radio Interferometric Calibration
• Delay-Weighted Calibration: Precision Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology with Resilience to Sky Model Error
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• Constraining the 21cm brightness temperature of the IGM at $z$=6.6 around LAEs with the Murchison Widefield Array
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• Study of systematics effects on the Cross Power Spectrum of 21 cm Line and Cosmic Microwave Background using Murchison Widefield Array Data
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• A Bayesian approach to high fidelity interferometric calibration I: mathematical formalism
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