Dynamical Boson Stars

Abstract

The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called {\em geons}, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name {\em boson stars}. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.

106 pages, 35 figures, invited review for Living Reviews in Relativity; major revision in 2022. Comments welcome

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• On Derrick's theorem in curved spacetime
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• Spinning gauged boson and Dirac stars: a comparative study
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
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• A novel black hole mimicker: a boson star and a global monopole nonminimally coupled to gravity
• Symmetry breaking in (gravitating) scalar field models describing interacting boson stars and Q-balls
• Universal relations for rotating Boson Stars
• Non-topological solitons in brane world models
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• Observational constraints on spinning, relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate stars
• Iron K$\alpha$ line of Proca stars
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• Fermion-charged-boson stars
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• Formation of photon spheres in boson stars with a nonminimally coupled field
• Solitonic Boson Stars: Numerical solutions beyond the thin-wall approximation
• On asymptotically flat solutions of Einstein's equations periodic in time II. Spacetimes with scalar-field sources
• Fundamental oscillation modes of scalar bosonic dark stars
• Gauss-Bonnet Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector
• A Model for Stars of Interacting Bosons and Fermions
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• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
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• Horndeski fermion-boson stars
• New Solutions for Rotating Boson Stars
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• Universality in the run-up of shock waves to the surface of a star
• Generic behaviour of nonlinear sound waves near the surface of a star: smooth solutions
• Rotating Boson Stars Using Finite Differences and Global Newton Methods
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• On the classicality of bosonic stars
• Large-Charge Limit of AdS Boson Stars with Mixed Boundary Conditions
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• Soliton stars in the breather limit
• Monotonicity of quantum ground state energies: Bosonic atoms and stars
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• Boson stars and solitons confined in a Minkowski box
• Radial oscillations of boson stars made of ultralight repulsive dark matter
• Chiral Magnetic Effect from Q-balls
• No-go theorem for static boson stars with negative cosmological constants
• Fractal boundary basins in spherically symmetric ${\varphi }^4$ theory
• Equatorial orbits of spinning test particle in rotating boson star
• Nonminimally coupled topological-defect boson stars: Static solutions
• Uniqueness of ground states for the L^2-critical boson star equation
• No-go theorem for spatially regular boson stars made of static nonminimally coupled massive scalar fields
• Boson stars: Chemical potential and quark condensates
• Impact of ultralight bosonic dark matter on the dynamical bar-mode instability of rotating neutron stars
• A no-go theorem for scalar fields with couplings from Ginzburg-Landau models
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole

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• Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
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• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Theoretical Physics Implications of the Binary Black-Hole Mergers GW150914 and GW151226
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• Imaging a boson star at the Galactic center
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• How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole
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• On gravitational-wave echoes from neutron-star binary coalescences
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• Searching for axion stars and Q-balls with a terrestrial magnetometer network
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• The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
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• Spinning boson stars and Kerr black holes with scalar hair: the effect of self-interactions
• Multi-field, multi-frequency bosonic stars and a stabilization mechanism
• Mass bounds for compact spherically symmetric objects in generalized gravity theories
• Tidal deformability of boson stars and dark matter clumps
• Lensing of fast radio bursts: future constraints on primordial black hole density with an extended mass function and a new probe of exotic compact fermion and boson stars
• Polarized Vector Oscillons
• Self-interactions can stabilize excited boson stars
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• Radio signatures from encounters between Neutron Stars and QCD-Axion Minihalos around Primordial Black Holes
• Head-on collisions of $\ell$-boson stars
• Unequal-mass boson-star binaries: Initial data and merger dynamics
• A stabilization mechanism for excited fermion-boson stars
• Self-gravitating black hole scalar wigs
• Towards establishing the presence or absence of horizons in coalescing binaries of compact objects by using their gravitational wave signals
• Boson stars and their relatives in semiclassical gravity
• Analysis of a subsolar-mass compact binary candidate from the second observing run of Advanced LIGO
• Rotating Boson Stars in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Microlensing constraints on axion stars including finite lens and source size effects
• Probing Boson Stars with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• The Gravitational Afterglow of Boson Stars
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Wormholes Immersed In Rotating Matter
• Scalar geons in Born-Infeld gravity
• Imprint of black hole area quantization and Hawking radiation on inspiraling binary
• Hot QCD at finite isospin density: confronting SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with recent lattice data
• The first five years of gravitational-wave astrophysics
• Anatomy of a thermal black hole mimicker
• Shielding a charged black hole
• Axion configurations around pulsars
• Searching for General Binary Inspirals with Gravitational Waves
• Two-Scalar Bose-Einstein Condensates: From Stars to Galaxies
• Yang-Mills stars in Higgsed non-Abelian dark matter
• Dark energy-like stars from nonminimally coupled scalar field
• Wormholes Immersed in Rotating Matter
• Ringdown of Charged Compact Objects using Membrane Paradigm
• Self-interacting Dark Scalar Spikes around Black Holes via Relativistic Bondi Accretion
• Quasistationary solutions of scalar fields around collapsing self-interacting boson stars
• Echoes from backreacting exotic compact objects
• Vibrational modes of Q-balls
• Rainbow scattering in the gravitational field of a compact object
• On magnetized anisotropic stars
• Boson stars in $f(T)$ extended theory of gravity
• Traversable $\ell$-wormholes supported by ghost scalar fields
• Rotating multistate boson stars
• Multi-oscillating Boson Stars
• Testing the nature of dark compact objects with gravitational waves
• Boson and Dirac stars in $D\ge 4$ dimensions
• Boson Stars in a Theory of Complex Scalar Field coupled to Gravity
• Extremal Surfaces in Asymptotically AdS Charged Boson Stars Backgrounds
• Stability of self-gravitating Bose-Einstein-Condensates
• No-go theorem for static scalar field dark matter halos with no Noether charges
• Universal relations for rotating Boson Stars
• Bose-Einstein Condensates with Derivative and Long-Range Interactions as Set-Ups for Analog Black Holes
• No static regular black holes in Einstein-complex-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Numerical Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector I: the $D\ge 5$ Case
• Shadows around the q-metric
• A novel black hole mimicker: a boson star and a global monopole nonminimally coupled to gravity
• On the linear stability of $\ell$-boson stars with respect to radial perturbations
• Stable vortex structures in colliding self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates
• Self-Interacting Gravitational Atoms in the Strong-Gravity Regime
• Mixing of gravitational wave echoes
• Spinning gauged boson stars in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Gravitating superconducting solitons in the (3+1)-dimensional Einstein gauged non-linear sigma-model
• Formation of photon spheres in boson stars with a nonminimally coupled field
• Hairy black holes: stability under odd-parity perturbations and existence of slowly rotating solutions
• Charting the AdS Islands of Stability with Multi-oscillators?
• Anisotropic compact star with a linear pressure-density relationship
• Solitonic Boson Stars: Numerical solutions beyond the thin-wall approximation
• Dark matter searches using accelerometer-based networks
• On echo intervals in gravitational wave echo analysis
• Spinning boson stars and hairy black holes with non-minimal coupling
• Estimating gravitational radiation from super-emitting compact binary systems
• Two boson stars in equilibrium
• Self-interacting multistate boson stars
• Critical gravitational collapse of a massive complex scalar field
• Note on the charged boson stars with torsion-coupled field
• Effect of a High-Precision Semi-Analytical Mass Function on the Merger Rate of Primordial Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• New Results on Charged Compact Boson Stars
• Dynamical evolution of fermion-boson stars with realistic equations of state
• On black holes with scalar hairs
• Energy Balance of a Bose Gas in Curved Spacetime
• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
• Modeling and detecting resonant tides of exotic compact objects
• Numerical Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector II: the D=3 Case
• New bound of the mass-to-radius ratio for electrically charged stars
• SCoRe: A New Framework to Study Unmodeled Physics from Gravitational Wave Data
• Horndeski Proca stars with vector hair
• Self-interacting scalar field distributions around Schwarzschild black holes
• Compact objects and the swampland
• New islands of stability with double-trace deformations
• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
• Thermodynamic properties of interacting bosons with zero chemical potential
• Particle-like solutions in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory
• Highly compact Proca stars with quartic self-interactions
• Modifications to the signal from a gravitational wave event due to a surrounding shell of matter
• Phase diagram of the charged black hole bomb system
• Squeezing in a nonlocal photon fluid
• On the classicality of bosonic stars
• Efficient search method of anomalous reflection by the central object in an EMRI system by future space gravitational wave detectors
• Scalar Hair Around Charged Black Holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Non-singular spacetimes with a negative cosmological constant: V. Boson stars
• Ultracompact vector stars
• Diffuse X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Limits on Boson Stars that Interact with Nuclei
• Exactly solvable gravitating perfect fluid solitons in (2+1) dimensions
• Boson stars and solitons confined in a Minkowski box
• Static spherical perfect fluid stars with finite radius in general relativity: a review
• Analytical Study of Charged Boson Stars with Large Scalar Self-couplings
• Equatorial orbits of spinning test particle in rotating boson star
• Spinning gravimagnetic particles in Schwarzschild-like black holes
• Probing dynamical spacetimes with gravitational waves
• Phase analyses for compact, charged boson stars and shells harboring black holes in the $\mathbb{C}{P}^N$ nonlinear sigma model
• Rapidly rotating Dirac stars
• Non-relativistic Boson Stars as N-Body Quantum Systems
• Nonminimally coupled topological-defect boson stars: Static solutions
• Gravitating bubbles of gluon plasma above deconfinement temperature
• Static and collapsing configurations supported by the spinor fluid
• Scalar field dark matter with two components: combined approach from particle physics and cosmology
• Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars
• On the Stability of (M theory) Stars against Collapse : Role of Anisotropic Pressures
• Timing of echoes in electromagnetic radiation from hot spots orbiting a Kerr black hole impostor
• Compact elastic objects in general relativity
• Soliton boson stars, Q-balls and the causal Buchdahl bound
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole