Distant Radio Galaxies and their Environments

Abstract

We review the properties and nature of luminous high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs, z > 2) and the environments in which they are located. HzRGs have several distinct constituents which interact with each other - relativistic plasma, gas in various forms, dust, stars and an active galactic nucleus (AGN). These building blocks provide unique diagnostics about conditions in the early Universe. We discuss the properties of each constituent. Evidence is presented that HzRGs are massive forming galaxies and the progenitors of brightest cluster galaxies in the local Universe. HzRGs are located in overdense regions in the early Universe and are frequently surrounded by protoclusters. We review the properties and nature of these radio-selected protoclusters. Finally we consider the potential for future progress in the field during the next few decades. A compendium of known HzRGs is given in an appendix.

82 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews. Full resolution version available from http://www.springerlink.com/content/17123p4h8x6g0081/

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• CO observations of high-z radio galaxies MRC 2104-242 and MRC 0943-242: spectral-line performance of the Compact Array Broadband Backend
• A CO-rich merger shaping a powerful and hyper-luminous infrared radio galaxy at z=2: the Dragonfly Galaxy
• Powerful Activity in the Bright Ages. I. A Visible/IR Survey of High Redshift 3C Radio Galaxies and Quasars
• Probing axion-like particles with the ultraviolet photon polarization from active galactic nuclei in radio galaxies
• Investigating the cause of the $\alpha$-$z$ relation
• A detailed study of massive galaxies in a protocluster at z=3.13
• Constraints on AGN feedback from its Sunyaev-Zel'dovich imprint on the cosmic background radiation
• AzTEC 1.1 mm images of 16 radio galaxies at 0.5<z<5.2 and a quasar at z=6.3
• Predicting Lyman-alpha escape fractions with a simple observable: Lyman-alpha in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator
• Life cycle of cosmic-ray electrons in the intracluster medium
• B2 0902+34: A Collapsing Protogiant Elliptical Galaxy at z=3.4
• Invisible Active Galactic Nuclei. II Radio Morphologies & Five New HI 21 cm Absorption Line Detections
• A hidden active galactic nucleus powering bright [O III] nebulae in a protocluster at $z=4.5$ revealed by JWST
• Characterizing Protoclusters and Protogroups at z $\sim$ 2.5 Using Ly$\alpha$ Tomography
• Ultra Steep Spectrum radio sources in the Lockman Hole: SERVS identifications and redshift distribution at the faintest radio fluxes
• The cold circumgalactic environment of MAMMOTH-I: dynamically cold gas in the core of an Enormous Ly-alpha Nebula
• Catalog of Radio Galaxies with z>0.3. I:Construction of the Sample
• Three candidate clusters of galaxies at redshift ~1.8: the "missing link" between protoclusters and local clusters?
• Quenching by gas compression and consumption: A case study of a massive radio galaxy at z = 2.57
• The Detection of Intergalactic Halpha Emission from the Slug Nebula at z~2.3
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep fields: A new analysis of low-frequency radio luminosity as a star-formation tracer in the Lockman Hole region
• JWST's PEARLS: TN J1338-1942 -- I. Extreme jet triggered star-formation in a $z=4.11$ luminous radio galaxy
• A Multiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE${}^2$). Mass budget, satellites spin alignment and gas infall in a massive $z\sim 3$ quasar host halo
• Pulsar Candidates Toward Fermi Unassociated Sources
• Radio Spectra of Luminous, Heavily Obscured WISE-NVSS Selected Quasars
• Molecular gas in type 2 quasars at z~0.2-0.3
• Molecular gas in radio galaxies in dense Mpc-scale environments at $z=0.4-2.6$
• The FAST Core Array
• A z~3 radio galaxy and its protocluster: evidence for a superstructure?
• Kinematic signatures of AGN feedback in moderately powerful radio galaxies at z~2 observed with SINFONI
• The Environment of z >1 3CR Radio Galaxies and QSOs: From Proto-Clusters to Clusters of Galaxies?
• Radio Polarization Properties of Quasars and Active Galaxies at High Redshifts
• Spectral Energy Distributions of low-luminosity radio galaxies at z~1-3: a high-z view of the host/AGN connection
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey VII: The Environments and Properties of Radio Galaxies in Clusters at z~1
• Mapping the "invisible" circumgalactic medium around a z $\sim$ 4.5 radio galaxy with MUSE
• Molecular and atomic line surveys of galaxies I: the dense, star-forming phase as a beacon
• The Herschel view of the environment of the radio galaxy 4C+41.17 at z = 3.8
• Radio Counterpart Candidates to 4FGL-DR2 Unassociated Sources
• Radio galaxies and their magnetic fields out to z <= 3
• Starbursts and dusty tori in distant 3CR radio galaxies
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). I. The Optical Counterparts of FIRST Radio Sources
• The Spiderweb proto-cluster is being magnetized by its central radio jet
• Noema formIng Cluster survEy (NICE): Discovery of a starbursting galaxy group with a radio-luminous core at z=3.95
• JWST's PEARLS: resolved study of the stellar and dust components in starburst galaxies at cosmic noon
• Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). III. Discovery of a z = 4.72 Radio Galaxy with Lyman Break Technique
• High-resolution international LOFAR observations of 4C~43.15 -- Spectral ages and injection indices in a high-z radio galaxy
• Extragalactic sources in Cosmic Microwave Background maps
• The Origin and Evolution of Lyman-alpha Blobs in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations
• The GLEAMing of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• A deep 1.4 GHz survey of the J1030 equatorial field: a new window on radio source populations across cosmic time
• A compact symmetric radio source born at one-tenth the current age of the Universe
• The High-Redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey: Radio Source Properties
• Ionization and feedback in Ly$\alpha$ halos around two radio galaxies at z$\sim$2.5
• 3D tomography of the giant Ly$\alpha$ nebulae of $z$$\approx$3--5 radio-loud AGN
• Brightest Cluster Galaxies Are Statistically Special From $z=0.3$ to $z=1$
• The evolution of the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions of Lyman-alpha emitters from z~2 to z~6
• Feeding and feedback processes in the Spiderweb proto-intracluster medium
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey V: Extended Radio Sources in Massive Galaxy Clusters at z~1
• A Search for Pulsars in Steep Spectrum Radio Sources
• Spectroscopy of "Big Trio" objects using the "Scorpio" spectrograph of the 6-m telescope of the Special astrophysical observatory
• The MURALES survey. V. Jet-induced star formation in 3C 277.3 (Coma A)
• The morphological classification of distant radio galaxies explored with three-dimensional simulations
• Deep observations of the Super-CLASS super-cluster at 325 MHz with the GMRT: the low-frequency source catalogue
• X-ray Emission and Radio Emission from the Jets and Lobes of the Spiderweb Radio Galaxy
• Evidence for strong intracluster magnetic fields in the early Universe
• An overdensity of red galaxies around the hyperluminous dust-obscured quasar W1835$+$4355 at $z=2.3$
• Extreme CII emission in type 2 quasars at z~2.5: a signature of kappa-distributed electron energies?
• Two Extreme Steep-Spectrum, Polarized Radio Sources Towards the Galactic Bulge
• A search for dust and molecular gas in enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae at $z\approx 2$
• Spatially resolved Lyman-$\alpha$ emission around radio bright quasars
• The radio spectral energy distribution of infrared-faint radio sources
• New Constraints on the Molecular Gas in the Prototypical HyLIRGs BRI1202-0725 & BRI1335-0417
• The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample XII: Morphology of extended Lyman alpha emission in star-forming galaxies
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey IX: High Radio Activity in a Merging Cluster
• Interplanetary Scintillation studies with the Murchison Wide-field Array IV: The hosts of sub-arcsecond compact sources at low radio frequencies
• The Redshift Distribution of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources
• ALMACAL. XI. Over-densities as signposts to proto-clusters? A cautionary tale
• Physics and fate of jet related emission line regions
• The extended ionized gas around the z=2.44 radio galaxy MRC 0406-244: the nature of the superbubbles and the optical line brightness asymmetries
• A new method to search for high redshift clusters using photometric redshifts
• The distribution and lifetime of powerful radio galaxies as a function of environment and redshift
• Kinematic analysis of $\mathbf{z}=4.3$ galaxies in the SPT2349$-$56 protocluster core
• A Novel Method to Identify AGNs Based on Emission Line Excess and the Nature of Low-luminosity AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I - A Novel Method
• On the injection spectrum of relativistic electrons in high-redshift radio galaxies
• ALMA unveils a triple merger and gas exchange in a hyper-luminous radio galaxy at z=2: the Dragonfly Galaxy (II)
• Catalog of Radio Galaxies with z>0.3. II: Photometric Data
• VLBI Imaging of high-redshift galaxies and protoclusters at low radio frequencies with the International LOFAR Telescope
• Continuum surveys with LOFAR and synergy with future large surveys in the 1-2 GHz band
• On the Spectral Index of Distant Radio Galaxies
• Selection of powerful radio galaxies with machine learning
• A Deep 150 MHz GMRT Survey in Eridanus
• CO survey of high-z radio galaxies, revisited with ALMA: Jet-cloud Alignments and Synchrotron Brightening by Molecular Gas in the Circumgalactic Environment
• JWST + ALMA ubiquitously discover companion systems within $\lesssim 18$kpc around four $z$$\approx$3.5 luminous radio-loud AGN
• Infrared-Faint Radio Sources in the SERVS deep fields: Pinpointing AGNs at high redshift
• On the nature of infrared-faint radio sources in the SXDF and VLA-VVDS fields
• Radio identification of decameter-wave sources. II: The 30deg<delta<40deg declination interval
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. VIII. Radio Activity in Massive Galaxy Clusters
• A new search for distant radio galaxies in the Southern hemisphere -- II. 2.2 micron imaging
• Galaxy populations in protoclusters at cosmic noon
• Extended radio AGN at z ~ 1 in the ORELSE survey: The confining effect of dense environments
• Radio Galaxy 3C 230 Observed with Gemini Laser-Adaptive-Optics Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• Radio observations confirm young stellar populations in local analogues to $z\sim 5$ Lyman break galaxies
• No strong radio absorption detected in the low-frequency spectra of radio-loud quasars at z > 5.6
• The Dragonfly Galaxy. III. Jet-brightening of a High-redshift Radio Source Caught in a Violent Merger of Disk Galaxies
• AGN feedback in an infant galaxy cluster: the LOFAR-Chandra view of the giant FRII radio galaxy J103025+052430 at z=1.7
• A population of Optically Quiescent Quasars from WISE and SDSS
• A galaxy populations study of a radio-selected protocluster at z~3.1
• Star forming brightest cluster galaxies at $z\sim 0.4$ in KiDS. Further studies of cold gas and stellar properties
• Monster radio jet (>66 kpc) observed in quasar at z$\sim$5
• High-$z$ radio Quasars in RACS I: Selection, identification, and multi-wavelength properties
• A Large Scale Structure at Redshift 1.71 in the Lockman Hole
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IX. The Most Overdense Region at z~5 Inhabited by a Massive Radio Galaxy
• RadioSED I: Bayesian inference of radio SEDs from inhomogeneous surveys
• Matching LOFAR sources across radio bands
• Massive molecular gas companions uncovered by VLA CO(1-0) observations of the $z$ = 5.2 radio galaxy TN J0924$-$2201
• Statistics of WMAP ILC map temperature fluctuations towards distant radio galaxies
• Study of RCR Catalogue Radio Source Integral Spectra
• MIGHTEE: exploring the relationship between spectral index, redshift and radio luminosity
• A Novel Method for Estimating the Ambient Medium Density Around Distant Radio Sources from Their Observed Radio Spectra
• The GLEAMing of the first supermassive black holes: II. A new sample of high-redshift radio galaxy candidates
• Galaxy overdensities around 3C radio galaxies and quasars at $1<z<2.5$ revealed by Spitzer $3.6/4.5\mu$m and Pan-STARRS
• Euclid preparation. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey
• Witnessing the transformation of a quasar host galaxy at z=1.6
• A Search for Missing Radio Sources at $z\gtrsim 4$ Using Lyman Dropouts
• Optical detection of a GMRT-detected candidate high-redshift radio galaxy with 3.6-m Devasthal optical telescope
• Clustering of red and blue galaxies around high-redshift 3C radio sources as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope
• UNIONS Optical Identifications for VLASS Radio Sources in the Euclid Sky (UNVEIL) I. A Catalog of ~146,000 Radio Galaxies up to z~5
• MAMBO Observations at 240GHz of optically obscured Spitzer sources: source clumps and radio activity at high redshift
• ALMA detects molecular gas in the halo of the powerful radio galaxy TXS 0828+193
• Revisiting the Dragonfly Galaxy I. High-resolution ALMA and VLA Observations of the Radio Hotspots in a Hyper-luminous Infrared Galaxy at $z=1.92$
• HST Grism Observations of a z~1.8 Cluster Candidate from the Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey
• Observations and Simulations of Radio Emission and Magnetic Fields in Minkowski's Object
• Submillimeter galaxy overdensities around physically associated quasar pairs
• GTC optical imaging of extremely red 5C radio galaxies at high redshift
• 3C 294 revisited: Deep Large Binocular Telescope AO NIR images and optical spectroscopy
• Deep GMRT 150 MHz observations of the DEEP2 fields: Searching for High Red-shift Radio Galaxies Revisited
• ATCA detections of massive molecular gas reservoirs in dusty, high-z radio galaxies
• Obscured and unobscured X-ray AGNs I: Host galaxy properties
• HST WFC3/Grism Observations of the Candidate Ultra-High-Redshift Radio Galaxy GLEAM J0917-0012
• Gas-Poor Hosts and Gas-Rich Companions of $z\approx$3.5 Radio Active Galactic Nuclei: ALMA Insights into Jet Triggering and Feedback
• The Radio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS): a submillimetre study of the environments of massive radio-quiet galaxies at $z=1-3$
• The KHOLOD Experiment: A Search for a New Population of Radio Sources
• Hosts and environments: a (large-scale) radio history of AGN and star-forming galaxies
• Discovery of a Lyα blob photo-ionised by a super-cluster of massive stars associated to a z = 3.49 galaxy
• Extragalactic radio surveys in the pre-Square Kilometre Array era
• Spectral indices in active galactic nuclei as seen by Apertif and LOFAR
• Something Bright at the Edge of Everything: A Uniquely JWST-Dark Radio Source in COSMOS
• CMB lensing tomography with clustering estimation of lens redshift distributions
• Radio studies of galaxy formation: Dense Gas History of the Universe
• The evolution of extragalactic peaked-spectrum sources down to 54 megahertz
• Exploring the gaseous halos of z>3 radio galaxies with UVES and JWST/NIRSpec
• Far-infrared observations of dust in Ly$\alpha$ emitters at z=2-6