The Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Properties at z=2

Abstract

We report on the environmental dependence of galaxy properties at z=2.15. We construct multi-band photometric data sets in the (proto-)cluster PKS1138-26 field and in the GOODS field. We then fit spectral energy distributions of the galaxies with model templates generated with the latest stellar population synthesis code and derive physical properties of galaxies from the fits. To quantify the environmental dependence of galaxy properties, a special care is taken of systematic errors -- we use data sets that have almost the same wavelength samplings, use the same code to fit SEDs with the same set of templates, and compare relative differences between the two samples. We find that the PKS1138 galaxies have similar ages, shorter star formation time scales, lower star formation rates, and weaker dust extinction compared to the GOODS galaxies at z~2. This trend is similar to that observed locally, suggesting that the environmental dependence of galaxy properties is already partly in place as early as z=2.15. We show that the PKS1138 galaxies assemble the bulk of their masses ~1 Gyr earlier than field galaxies, i.e., the galaxy formation depends on environment. Galaxy mergers should frequently occur during the first collapse of clusters and they might play an important role in driving the observed environmental dependence of galaxy properties at z=2.15.

15 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A.

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• Early-Type galaxies at z ~ 1.3. III. On the dependence of Formation Epochs and Star Formation Histories on Stellar Mass and Environment
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• Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16
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• An X-ray Detected Group of Quiescent Early-type Galaxies at z=1.6 in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Cosmic Star Formation Activity at z=2.2 Probed by H-alpha Emission Line Galaxies
• Structure of Protocluster Galaxies: Accelerated Structural Evolution in Overdense Environments?
• First results on the cluster galaxy population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. II. Faint end color-magnitude diagrams and radial profiles of red and blue galaxies at $0.1<z<1.1$
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• Overdensities of Submillimetre-Bright Sources around Candidate Protocluster Cores Selected from the South Pole Telescope Survey
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• MAMMOTH: Confirmation of Two Massive Galaxy Overdensities at $z=2.24$ with H$\alpha$ Emitters
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• A Search for Massive Galaxy Population in a Protocluster of LAEs at $z=2.39$ near the Radio Galaxy 53W002
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