Elliptic Flow: Transition from out-of-plane to in-plane Emission in Au + Au Collisions

Abstract

We have measured the proton elliptic flow excitation function for the Au + Au system spanning the beam energy range 2 -- 8 AGeV. The excitation function shows a transition from negative to positive elliptic flow at a beam energy, $E_{tr}\sim$ 4 AGeV. Detailed comparisons with calculations from a relativistic Boltzmann-equation are presented. The comparisons suggest a softening of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) from a stiff form (K \sim 380 MeV) at low beam energies (E_{Beam} \le 2 AGeV) to a softer form (K \sim 210 MeV) at higher energies (E_{Beam} \ge $4AGeV)wherethecalculatedbaryondensity$ ρ\sim 4 ρ_0$.

5 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

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