The QCD thermal phase transition in the presence of a small chemical potential

Abstract

We propose a new method to investigate the thermal properties of QCD with a small quark chemical potential $\mu$. Derivatives of the phase transition point with respect to $\mu$ are computed at $\mu =0$ for 2 flavors of p-4 improved staggered fermions with $ma=0.1,0.2$ on a $16^3\times 4$ lattice. The resulting Taylor expansion is well behaved for the small values of ${\mu }_{\mathrm{q}}/T_c\sim 0.1$ relevant for RHIC phenomenology, and predicts a critical curve $T_c(\mu )$ in reasonable agreement with estimates obtained using exact reweighting. In addition, we contrast the case of isoscalar and isovector chemical potentials, quantify the effect of $\mu \ne 0$ on the equation of state, and comment on the complex phase of the fermion determinant in QCD with $\mu \ne 0$.

26 pages, 25 figures, minor modification

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• From pQCD to neutron stars: matching equations of state to constrain global star properties
• Lattice QCD
• A study of meson condensation and of the QCD critical line