Phase of the Fermion Determinant at Nonzero Chemical Potential

Abstract

We show that in the microscopic domain of QCD (also known as the $\epsilon$-domain) at nonzero chemical potential the average phase factor of the fermion determinant is nonzero for $\mu <m_{\pi }/2$ and is exponentially suppressed for larger values of the chemical potential. This follows from the chiral Lagrangian that describes the low-energy limit of the expectation value of the phase factor. Explicit expressions for the average phase factor are derived using a random matrix formulation of the zero momentum limit of this chiral Lagrangian.

arXiv comment4 pages, 1 figure

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