Radioactive 26Al and massive stars in the Galaxy

Abstract

Gamma-rays from radioactive 26Al (half life ~7.2 10^5 yr) provide a 'snapshot' view of ongoing nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. The Galaxy is relatively transparent to such gamma-rays, and emission has been found concentrated along the plane of the Galaxy. This led to the conclusion1 that massive stars throughout the Galaxy dominate the production of 26Al. On the other hand, meteoritic data show locally-produced 26Al, perhaps from spallation reactions in the protosolar disk. Furthermore, prominent gamma-ray emission from the Cygnus region suggests that a substantial fraction of Galactic 26Al could originate in localized star-forming regions. Here we report high spectral resolution measurements of 26Al emission at 1808.65 keV, which demonstrate that the 26Al source regions corotate with the Galaxy, supporting its Galaxy-wide origin. We determine a present-day equilibrium mass of 2.8 (+/-0.8) M_sol of 26Al. We use this to estimate that the frequency of core collapse (i.e. type Ib/c and type II) supernovae to be 1.9(+/- 1.1) events per century.

accepted for publication in Nature, 24 pages including Online Supplements, 11 figures, 1 table

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• Time dependent signatures of core-collapse supernova neutrinos at HALO
• The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation: star-forming galaxies are not the dominant component
• Nucleosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy with INTEGRAL
• Exploring the MeV Sky with a Combined Coded Mask and Compton Telescope: The Galactic Explorer with a Coded Aperture Mask Compton Telescope (GECCO)
• Timing coincidence search for supernova neutrinos with optical transient surveys
• A Continuous Galactic Line Source of Axions: The Remarkable Case of 23Na
• Confronting the dark matter capture rate with a continuous gravitational wave probe of local neutron stars
• Supernova explosions of runaway stars and young neutron stars above the Galactic plane
• Radioactive Decay
• High-energy emission from galaxies: the star-formation/gamma-ray connection
• Constraining the production of cosmic rays by pulsars
• Observing the Luminosity Increase and Roche Lobe Overflow of Planet Destruction
• Enhancing Compton telescope imaging with maximum a posteriori estimation: a modified Richardson-Lucy algorithm for the Compton Spectrometer and Imager
• The dark connection between the EGRET excess of diffuse Galactic gamma rays, the Canis Major dwarf, the Monoceros ring, the INTEGRAL 511 keV annihilation line, the gas flaring and the Galactic rotation curve
• Observing with a space-borne gamma-ray telescope: selected results from INTEGRAL
• Can supernova from runaway stars mimic the signs of absorbing `super-virial' gas?
• A Search for Supernova Light Echoes in NGC 6946 with SITELLE
• Nonthermal Emission from Star-Forming Galaxies
• The aluminium-26 distribution in a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-type Galaxy
• The influence of star clusters on galactic disks: new insights on star-formation in galaxies
• The feedback of massive stars on interstellar astrochemical processes
• News from Cosmic Gamma-ray Line Observations
• The Contribution From TeV Halos to the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
• Evolution of proto-neutron stars to pulsars, magnetars and central compact objects
• Telescopes versus Microscopes: the puzzle of Iron-60
• Does Cosmological Evolution Select for Technology?
• Cloud fragmentation cascades and feedback: on reconciling an unfettered inertial range with a low star formation rate
• Laue gamma-ray lenses for space astrophysics:status and prospects
• Cosmic Radioactivity and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Star Formation in the Galactic Center
• Transient Radio Neutron Stars
• Constraining the gravitational-wave emission of core-collapse supernovae with ground-based detectors
• Projected Sensitivity of Paleo-Detectors to Dark Matter Effective Interactions with Nuclei
• Uncertainties in the production of iron-group nuclides in core-collapse supernovae from Monte Carlo variations of reaction rates
• Galactic Electron-Positron Annihilation Emission from X-Ray Binaries with Transient and Persistent Jets
• A two-step strategy to identify episodic sources of gravitational waves and high energy neutrinos in starburst galaxies
• The Extreme Sky - Seven Years of INTEGRAL
• A self-consistent wave description of axion miniclusters and their survival in the galaxy
• Measuring the smearing of the Galactic 511 keV signal: positron propagation or supernova kicks?
• Interpreting the LHAASO Galactic diffuse emission data
• Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Stellar Core-Collapse Events
• Measuring Cosmic Elements with Gamma-Ray Telescopes
• Massive-Star Nucleosynthesis and INTEGRAL
• Unveiling axion signals in galactic supernovae with future MeV telescopes
• 60Fe and Massive Stars
• Pulsar Acceleration Shifts from nearby Supernova Explosion
• Modeling the Galactic Neutron Star Population for Use in Continuous Gravitational Wave Searches
• Gamma-ray spectroscopy of galactic nucleosynthesis