paper

The Free-Fall time of finite Sheets and Filaments

arXiv:1110.0917 · doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/190

Abstract

Molecular clouds often exhibit filamentary or sheet-like shapes. We compute the free-fall time ($\tff$) for finite, uniform, self-gravitating circular sheets and filamentary clouds of small but finite thickness, so that their volume density can still be defined. We find that, for thin sheets, the free-fall time is larger than that of a uniform sphere with the same volume density by a factor proportional to , where the aspect ratio is given by , being the sheet's radius and is its thickness. For filamentary clouds, the aspect ratio is defined as $A=L/\calR$, where is the filament's half length and $\calR$ is its (small) radius, and the modification factor is a more complicated, although in the limit of large it again reduces to nearly . We propose that our result for filamentary shapes naturally explains the ubiquitous configuration of clumps fed by filaments observed in the densest structures of molecular clouds. Also, the longer free-fall times for non-spherical geometries in general may contribute towards partially alleviating the "star-formation conundrum", namely, that the star formation rate in the Galaxy appears to be proceeding in a timescale much larger than the total molecular mass in the Galaxy divided by its typical free-fall time. If molecular clouds are in general formed by thin sheets and long filaments, then their relevant free-fall time may have been systematically underestimated, possibly by factors of up to one order of magnitude.

To appear on The Astrophysical Journal

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