Bright X-ray Flares in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows have provided important clues to the nature of these massive explosive events, providing direct information on the nearby environment and indirect information on the central engine that powers the burst. We report the discovery of two bright X-ray flares in GRB afterglows, including a giant flare comparable in total energy to the burst itself, each peaking minutes after the burst. These strong, rapid X-ray flares imply that the central engines of the bursts have long periods of activity, with strong internal shocks continuing for hundreds of seconds after the gamma-ray emission has ended.

12 pages, 1 table, 2 figures. Originally submitted to Nature on 6/6/05. Declined on 6/9/05. Revised and submitted to Science on 6/14/05. Accepted for publication in Science on 7/29/05 (this version)

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Cited by in corpus (374)

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• Complicated variations of early optical afterglow of GRB 090726
• Deciphering the properties of the central engine in GRB collapsars
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• XRF 050406 late-time flattening: an inverse Compton component?
• A new model of the Central Engine of GRB and the Cosmic Jets
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
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• Using Swift observations of prompt and afterglow emission to classify GRBs
• The early and late-time spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 050716
• Late Engine Activity of GRB 161017A Revealed by Early Optical Observations
• Compton echoes from nearby Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Could the GRB-Supernovae GRB 031203 and XRF 060218 be Cosmic Twins?
• Flares In Long And Short Gamma Ray Bursts
• Neutrino Production Associated with Late Bumps in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Potential Contribution to Diffuse Flux at IceCube
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• HETE-2 Observations of the X-Ray Flash XRF 040916
• Going out with a bang: compact object collisions resulting from supernovae in binary systems
• Could an X-ray Flare after GRB 170817A Originate from a Post-merger Slim Accretion Disc?
• Magnetars and Gamma Ray Bursts
• Swift and XMM observations of the dark GRB 050326
• Gamma Ray Bursts Flares detected and observed by the Swift Satellite
• GRB Afterglow of the Sub-relativistic Materials with Energy Injection
• Optical light curve of GRB 121011A: a textbook for the onset of GRB afterglow in a mixture of ISM and wind-type medium
• Quark-nova explosion inside a collapsar: application to Gamma Ray Bursts
• Radio Afterglows of Gamma Ray Bursts
• The statistics of BAT-to-XRT flux ratio in GRB: Evidence for a characteristic value and its implications
• Constraints on the late X-ray emission from the low-energy GRB 031203: INTEGRAL data
• Chromatic Afterglow of GRB 200829A
• Viscous Evolution of Magnetized Clumps: a Source for X-ray Flares in Gamma-ray Bursts
• Comparative Statistical Analysis of Prompt and Afterglow X-Ray Flares in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Insights into Extended Central Engine Activity
• The Swift satellite lives up to its name, revealing cosmic explosions as they happen
• Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 in 2005 - 2006
• Multimessenger signatures of a deformed magnetar in gamma-ray bursts
• Internal shock model for the X-ray flares of Swift J1644+57
• Ending the prompt phase in photospheric models of gamma-ray bursts
• Plug Disintegration in GRB Jet Eruption
• A Search for Low-frequency Radio Pulses from Long Gamma-ray Bursts with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Development of the spectrum of gamma-ray burst pulses influenced by the intrinsic spectral evolution and the curvature effect
• Gamma-ray burst light curve reconstruction with predictive models
• Revisiting early afterglows of gamma-ray bursts with finite-thickness ejecta: Implications from XRF 080330 and GRB 080710
• Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the collapsar model for early and late evolution of gamma-ray bursts
• Synchrotron self-Compton Reverse Shock in Energy-Injection and Radiative Scenarios
• Late Afterglow Bump/Plateau around the Jet Break: Signature of a free-to-shocked wind Environment in Gamma-ray Burst
• Predicting Multiwavelength Emission Associated with X-Ray Flares and Extended Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts