Hyperaccreting Black Hole as Gamma-Ray Burst Central Engine. II. Temporal evolution of central engine parameters during Prompt and Afterglow Phases

Abstract

A hyperaccreting stellar-mass black hole has been proposed as the candidate central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The rich observations of GRBs by \textit{Fermi} and \textit{Swift} make it possible to constrain the central engine model by comparing the model predications against data. This paper is dedicated to studying the temporal evolution of central engine parameters for both prompt emission and afterglow phases. We consider two jet launching mechanisms, i.e., $\nu \bar{\nu }$ annihilations and the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) processe, and obtain analytical solutions to these two models. We then investigate the black hole central engine parameters, such as the jet power, the dimensionless entropy $\eta$, and the central engine parameter ${\mu }_0=\eta (1+{\sigma }_0)$ (where ${\sigma }_0$ is the initial magnetization of the engine) at the base of the jet. The black hole may be spun up by accretion, or spun down by the BZ process, leaving imprints in GRB lightcurves. Usually, a BZ jet is more powerful and is likely responsible for the late time central engine activities. However, an initially non-spinning black hole central engine may first launch a thermal "fireball" via neutrino annihilations, and then launch a Poynting-flux-dominated jet via the BZ process. Multiple flares, giant bumps, and plateaus in GRB afterglows can be well produced as the result of late time accretion onto the black hole.

12 pages, 7 figures. accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Jet Launching from Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Incorporating Neutrino Transport and Magnetic Fields
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst and Associated Kilonova Emission from Fast-spinning Black Hole--Neutron Star Mergers
• Bright "Merger-nova" Emission Powered by Magnetic wind from a New-Born Black Hole
• The Second Plateau in X-ray Afterglow Providing Additional Evidence for Rapidly Spinning Magnetars as the GRB Central Engine
• The evolution of a newborn millisecond magnetar with a propeller-recycling disk
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• Constraining Properties of GRB Central Engines with X-ray flares
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. III. GRB timescale
• Relativistic global solutions of neutrino-dominated accretion flows with magnetic coupling
• Test the growth models of black hole by jointing LIGO and Insight-HXMT observations