Short-living supermassive magnetar model for the early X-ray flares following short GRBs

Abstract

We suggest a short-living supermassive magnetar model to account for the X-ray flares following short $\gamma -$ray bursts. In this model, the central engine of the short $\gamma -$ray bursts is a supermassive millisecond magnetar. The X-ray flares are powered by the dipole radiation of the magnetar. When the magnetar has lost a significant part of its angular momentum, it collapses to a black hole and the X-ray flares disappear abruptly. Two important predictions of this model are (i) X-ray flares much more energetic than that detected in GRB 050724 may be detectable in the coming months and years by the XRT onboard {\it Swift}. (ii) The short GRBs with X-ray flares may occur outside of their host galaxy.

The final version. Possible mechanisms giving rise to multiple flares in the magnetar wind model have been discussed

References in corpus (9)

• Producing ultra-strong magnetic fields in neutron star mergers
• X-Ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars
• The late time evolution of Gamma-Ray Bursts: ending hyperaccretion and producing flares
• The X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A: Energy injection from a millisecond magnetar?
• Flares in GRB afterglows from delayed magnetic dissipation
• The optical flare and afterglow light curve of GRB 050904 at redshift z=6.29
• Gamma-ray burst internal shocks with magnetization
• Collapse of Neutron Stars to Black Holes in Binary Systems: A Model for Short Gamma Ray Bursts
• The rate and luminosity function of Short GRBs

Cited by in corpus (91)

• Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Binary neutron-star mergers: a review of Einstein's richest laboratory
• Signatures of magnetar central engines in short GRB lightcurves
• Kilonovae
• Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts with Extended Emission from Proto-Magnetar Spin-Down
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• The Progenitors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Optical and X-ray emission from stable millisecond magnetars formed from the merger of binary neutron stars
• The Millisecond Magnetar Central Engine in short GRBs
• The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: Evidence for the formation of a magnetar?
• Early X-ray and optical afterglow of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars
• General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of binary neutron star mergers forming a long-lived neutron star
• A test of the millisecond magnetar central engine model of GRBs with Swift data
• Constraints on binary neutron star merger product from short GRB observations
• General relativistic simulations of compact binary mergers as engines of short gamma-ray bursts
• Nuclear Equation of State from Observations of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants
• High Energy Afterglow from Gamma-ray Bursts
• When Did the Remnant of GW170817 Collapse to a Black Hole?
• A magnetar-powered X-ray transient as the aftermath of a binary neutron-star merger
• Magnetically driven winds from differentially rotating neutron stars and X-ray afterglows of short gamma-ray bursts
• Bright broad-band afterglows of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars
• Swift and XMM-Newton Observations of the Extraordinary GRB 060729: An afterglow with a more than 100 days X-ray light curve
• GRB 080503 late afterglow re-brightening: signature of a magnetar powered merger-nova
• X-ray flares and the duration of engine activity in gamma-ray bursts
• Internal X-ray plateau in short GRBs: Signature of supramassive fast-rotating quark stars?
• Signature of gravitational radiation in afterglow of short Gamma-Ray Bursts?
• A supra-massive magnetar central engine for short GRB 130603B
• Collimated outflows from long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
• Searching for magnetar powered merger-novae from short GRBs
• High energy gamma-ray emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts -- before GLAST
• The key role of magnetic fields in binary neutron star mergers
• GRB 060418 and 060607A: the medium surrounding the progenitor and the weak reverse shock emission
• Neutron Star Mergers and How to Study Them
• GRB 081007 and GRB 090424: the surrounding medium, outflows and supernovae
• XRF 100316D/SN 2010bh: clue to the diverse origin of nearby supernova-associated GRBs
• Hyperaccreting Neutron-Star Disks and Neutrino Annihilation
• Bimodal Long-Lasting Components in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Promising Electromagnetic Counterparts to Neutron Star Binary Mergers
• Does the Collapse of a Supramassive Neutron Star Leave a Debris Disk?
• What constraints on the neutron star maximum mass can one pose from GW170817 observations?
• The Delay Time of Gravitational Wave -- Gamma-Ray Burst Associations
• Capturing the electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers through low latency gravitational wave triggers
• Estimating the maximum gravitational mass of nonrotating neutron stars from the GW170817/GRB 170817A/AT2017gfo observation
• A two component jet model for the X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A
• Multi-wavelength afterglows of fast radio bursts
• A unified binary neutron star merger magnetar model for the Chandra X-ray transients CDF-S XT1 and XT2
• Broadband modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability
• Short gamma-ray burst central engines
• Neutron stars and the dense matter equation of state: from microscopic theory to macroscopic observations
• New equation of states for postmerger supramassive quark stars
• DDOTI Observations of Gravitational-Wave Sources Discovered in O3
• Fundamental physics and the absence of sub-millisecond pulsars
• Gamma-ray burst afterglows
• Possible High-Energy Neutrino and Photon Signals from Gravitational Wave Bursts due to Double Neutron Star Mergers
• GW170817 and the prospect of forming supramassive remnants in neutron star mergers
• How can newly born rapidly rotating neutron stars become magnetars?
• General-relativistic treatment of tidal $g$-mode resonances in coalescing binaries of neutron stars. II. As triggers for precursor flares of short gamma-ray bursts
• GW170817: The energy extraction process of the off-axis relativistic outflow and the constraint on the equation of state of neutron stars
• X-raying extended emission and rapid decay of short gamma-ray bursts
• GRB Observational Properties
• Magnetic-distortion-induced ellipticity and gravitational wave radiation of neutron stars: millisecond magnetars in short GRBs, Galactic pulsars, and magnetars
• A MAD Model for Gamma-Ray Burst Variability
• Model-dependent estimate on the connection between fast radio bursts and ultra-high energy cosmic rays
• PTF11agg as the First Evidence for Reverse Shock Emission from a Postmerger Millisecond Magnetar
• Is the late near-infrared bump in short-hard GRB 130603B due to the Li-Paczynski kilonova?
• Soft X-ray Extended Emissions of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts of Compact Binary Mergers; Possible Origin and Detectability
• On the Binary-Neutron-Star Post-Merger Magnetar Origin of XRT 210423
• Hyperaccretion after the Blandford-Znajek Process: a New Model for GRBs with X-Ray Flares Observed in Early Afterglows
• A GRB Follow-up System at the Xinglong Observatory and Detection of the High-Redshift GRB 060927
• Evidence for gravitational-wave dominated emission in the central engine of short GRB 200219A
• Diagnosing the remnants of binary neutron star merger from GW170817/GRB170817A event
• Detectability of "Merger-nova" emission from a long-lived magnetar in short gamma-ray bursts
• The radiative efficiency of relativistic jet and wind: A case study of GRB 070110
• Polarization evolution accompanying the very early sharp decline of GRB X-ray afterglows
• Reverse Shock Emission and Ionization Break Out Powered by Post-merger Millisecond Magnetars
• Gamma Ray Burst engine activity within the quark nova scenario: Prompt emission, X-ray Plateau, and sharp drop-off
• Vertical Advection Effects on Hyper-accretion Disks and Potential Link between Gamma-ray Bursts and Kilonovae
• Prospects of calibrating afterglow modeling of short GRBs with gravitational wave inclination angle measurements and resolving the Hubble tension with a GW-GRB association event
• Constraining the nuclear equation of state via gravitational-wave radiation of short gamma-ray burst remnants
• SWIFT J164449.3+573451: a plunging event with the Poynting-flux dominated outflow
• Mass and radius of the most massive neutron star: The probe of the equation of state and perturbative QCD
• X-ray plateaus followed by sharp drops in GRBs 060413, 060522, 060607A and 080330: Further evidences for central engine afterglow from Gamma-ray Bursts
• Incidence of afterglow plateaus in gamma-ray bursts associated with binary neutron star mergers
• Constraining the ellipticity and frequency of binary neutron star remnant via its gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiations
• The long-lasting optical afterglow plateau of short burst GRB 130912A
• Long-term impact of the magnetic-field strength on the evolution and electromagnetic emission by neutron-star merger remnants
• Inverse compton scattered merger-nova: late X-ray counterpart of gravitational wave signals from NS-NS/BH mergers
• Predicting Multiwavelength Emission Associated with X-Ray Flares and Extended Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The maximum mass and rotational kinetic energy of rapidly rotating neutron stars
• Updated estimates of post-merger gravitational wave energy released in GW170817 and the maximum neutron star mass