Optical and Radio Properties of Extragalactic Sources Observed by the FIRST and SDSS Surveys

Abstract

We discuss the optical and radio properties of 30,000 FIRST sources positionally associated with an SDSS source in 1230 deg${}^2$ of sky. The majority (83%) of the FIRST sources identified with an SDSS source brighter than r=21 are optically resolved. We estimate an upper limit of 5% for the fraction of quasars with broad-band optical colors indistinguishable from those of stars. The distribution of quasars in the radio flux -- optical flux plane supports the existence of the "quasar radio-dichotomy"; 8% of all quasars with i<18.5 are radio-loud and this fraction seems independent of redshift and optical luminosity. The radio-loud quasars have a redder median color by 0.08 mag, and a 3 times larger fraction of objects with red colors. FIRST galaxies represent 5% of all SDSS galaxies with r<17.5, and 1% for r<20, and are dominated by red galaxies. Magnitude and redshift limited samples show that radio galaxies have a different optical luminosity distribution than non-radio galaxies selected by the same criteria; when galaxies are further separated by their colors, this result remains valid for both blue and red galaxies. The distributions of radio-to-optical flux ratio are similar for blue and red galaxies in redshift-limited samples; this similarity implies that the difference in their luminosity functions, and resulting selection effects, are the dominant cause for the preponderance of red radio galaxies in flux-limited samples. We confirm that the AGN-to-starburst galaxy number ratio increases with radio flux, and find that radio emission from AGNs is more concentrated than radio emission from starburst galaxies (abridged).

submitted to AJ, color gif figures, PS figures available from [email protected]

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• Neural-network selection of high-redshift radio quasars, and the luminosity function at z~4
• New Clues to Jet Launching: The inner disks in radio loud quasars may be more stable
• A Quasar Without Broad Lyman-alpha Emission
• X-ray Absorption and Optical Extinction in the Partially Obscured Seyfert Nucleus in Mrk 1393
• Determining the fraction of reddened quasars in COSMOS with multiple selection techniques from X-ray to radio wavelengths
• The Infrared Medium-Deep Survey II: How to Trigger Radio-AGN? Hints from Their Environments
• Radio-loud fraction of z>6 quasars
• Classifying Radio Emitters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Spectroscopy and Diagnostics
• Analysis of the RC catalog sample in the region overlapping with the regions of the FIRST and SDSS surveys: I. Identification of sources with the VLSS, TXS, NVSS, FIRST, and GB6 catalogs
• The composite X-ray spectra of radio-loud and radio-quiet SDSS quasars
• Interactions between the jet and disk wind in a nearby radio intermediate quasar III Zw 2
• Mapping AGN winds: a connection between radio-mode AGN and the AGN feedback cycle
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Submillimeter Galaxies. II. Unobscured QSOs within Dusty Starbursts and QSO Sightlines with Impact Parameters below 100 Kiloparsec
• The XXL Survey: XLIII. The quasar radio loudness dichotomy exposed via radio luminosity functions obtained by combining results from COSMOS and XXL-S X-ray selected quasars
• Multiwavelength variability of gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): eFEDS X-ray view of WERGS Radio Galaxies selected by the Subaru/HSC and VLA/FIRST survey
• European VLBI Network Observations of the Proposed Dual AGN SDSS J101022.95+141300.9
• Prospects for Observing High-redshift Radio-loud Quasars in the SKA Era: Paving the Way for 21-cm Forest Observations
• Analysis of a Sample of RC Catalog Objects in the Region Overlapping with the Areas Covered by FIRST and SDSS Surveys. II: Optical Identification with the SDSS Survey and USNO-B1 and 2MASS Catalogs
• Compact radio emission from z~0.2 X-ray bright AGN
• Near-Ultraviolet Absorption Distribution of Primitive Asteroids from Spectrophotometric Surveys
• A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars: II. Link between quasar radio emission and black hole mass
• Identifications of FIRST radio sources in the NOAO Deep-Wide Field Survey
• Radio Emission of Nearby Early-type Galaxies at Low and Very-Low Radio Luminosity Range
• A FIRST-APM-SDSS survey for high-redshift radio QSOs
• The intrinsic reddening of the Magellanic Clouds as traced by background galaxies -- III. The Large Magellanic Cloud
• VLA Snapshot Continuum Survey of FRI Quasar Candidates Selected from the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS)
• Radio-loudness of Active Galaxies and the Black Hole Evolution
• A multi-wavelength continuum characterization of high-redshift broad absorption line quasars
• Exploring the physics of the accretion and jet in nearby narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Radio spectral properties of cores and extended regions in blazars in the MHz regime
• Radio-loudness statistics of quasars from Quaia-VLASS
• Radio emission from dust-obscured galaxies
• Evidence for Low Universal Equilibrium Black Hole Spin in Luminous Magnetically Arrested Disks
• Molecular Gas Heating and Modified Dust Properties in Active Galaxies: Growing Black Holes or Tidal Shocks?
• Exploring the Connection between UV/Optical Variations and Radio Emission in Radio-Quiet Quasars: Clues on Radio Emission Origin
• Investigating the Disk-Corona Relation in a Blue AGN Sample
• Boosting the 21 cm forest signals by the clumpy substructures
• Properties of IR selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• What is the origin of the stacked radio emission in radio-undetected quasars?: Insights from a radio-infrared image stacking analysis
• Radio Dichotomy in Quasars with H$\beta$ FWHM greater than $15,000$ km\,s${}^{-1}$
• ALMA polarimetry of radio-quiet AGNs
• The relationship between variable and polarized optical spectral components of luminous type 1 non-blazar quasars
• The optical luminosity function of LOFAR radio-selected quasars at $1.4\le z\le 5.0$ in the NDWFS-Boötes field
• Revealing faint compact radio jets at redshifts above 5 with very long baseline interferometry
• The radio structure of the $\gamma$-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy SDSS J211852.96$-$073227.5
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Disk-halo interactions in radio-selected star-forming galaxies
• A small radio galaxy at z=4.026
• A Novel Test of Quasar Orientation
• UNIONS Optical Identifications for VLASS Radio Sources in the Euclid Sky (UNVEIL) I. A Catalog of ~146,000 Radio Galaxies up to z~5
• The host galaxies of radio-loud AGN: colour structure
• A New Result on the Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background
• A Ringed Dwarf LINER 1 Galaxy Hosting an Intermediate-mass Black Hole with Large-scale Rotation-like Hα Emission
• Quasars and their host galaxies
• Probing the Wind Component of Radio Emission in Luminous High-Redshift Quasars
• Probing the rest-frame wavelength dependence of quasar variability : Insights from the Zwicky Transient Facility Survey
• Properties of spectrally-defined red QSOs at z = 0.3-1.2
• Exploring the radio spectral energy distribution of the ultraluminous radio-quiet quasar SDSS J0100+2802 at redshift 6.3
• The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The effect of active galactic nucleus feedback on the integrated properties of galaxies at different stages of their evolution
• A LOFAR sample of luminous compact sources coincident with nearby dwarf galaxies
• Black Hole Spin Evolution Affected by Magnetic Field Decay
• Constraining the ratio of median pixel optical depth profile around z ~ 4 quasars using the longitudinal proximity effect
• Beyond diagnostic-diagrams: A critical exploration on the classification of ionization processes
• Optical Morphologies of Millijansky Radio Galaxies Observed by HST and in the VLA FIRST Survey
• Properties of Very Broad Line MgII Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Quasars
• A puzzle of radio-quiet quasar PG 1407+265: are optical and X-ray emissions produced from relativistic jet?
• The Feasibility and Flexibility of Selecting Quasars by Variability Using Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms
• Photometric Effects and Voronoi-diagrams as a mixed model for the spatial distribution of galaxies
• Time-domain Radio-loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Intermittency, Memory, and Jet Escape
• Revisiting a Core-Jet Laboratory at High Redshift: Analysis of the Radio Jet in the Quasar PKS 2215+020 at z=3.572
• The FIRST radio survey: Panchromatic properties of FIRST radio sources identified in the Bootes and Cetus fields
• Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Broad Emission Line Quasars: From X-ray to Radio Wavelengths
• Optical design of a multi-object fiber-fed spectrograph system for Southern Spectroscopic Survey Telescope
• What is Inside the Double-Double Structure of the Radio Galaxy J0028+0035?
• Radio emission from flaring stars and brown dwarfs
• Superluminal Motion and Jet Parameters in the High-Redshift Blazar J1429+5406
• A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-Variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar
• MaNGA AGN dwarf galaxies (MAD) -- IV. Revealing hidden AGN in dwarf galaxies with radio observations
• Mid-infrared Variability-based AGN Selection using the Multi-epoch Photometric Data from WISE
• Analytical modeling of the one-dimensional power spectrum of 21-cm forest based on a halo model method
• Milliarcsecond-scale radio structure of the most distant BL Lac object candidate at redshift 6.57
• Comparison of some properties of star forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) between two BOSS galaxy samples of SDSS DR9
• Milliarcsecond-resolution Radio-imaging Survey of Blazar Candidates at 4 < z < 5.4
• Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning -- The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at $z>3$
• The Total and Polarized Radio Emission from the Innermost Jets of a High-Redshift Quasar and a Candidate at Parsec-Scale Resolution
• It's Always Darkest Before the Cosmic Dawn: Early Results from Novel Tools and Telescopes for 21 cm Cosmology
• Revealing a strongly reddened, faint active galactic nucleus population by stacking deep co-added images
• Implications of the continuous radio-loudness distribution among AGNs in the local Universe
• J-HERTz: J-PLUS Heritage Exploration of Radio Targets at z $<$ 5
• A Treasure Hunt in the Pool of Spectra Classified as High-redshift QSOs by the Spectroscopic Pipeline of the SDSS DR16
• Investigating the Accretion Nature of Binary Supermassive Black Hole Candidate SDSS J025214.67-002813.7
• Revisit the fraction of radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies with LoTSS DR1
• Termination Shocks and the Extended X-ray Emission in MRK 78