The $L_{\mathrm{x}}$-$L_{\mathrm{uv}}$-$L_{\mathrm{radio}}$ relation and corona-disk-jet connection in optically selected radio-loud quasars

Abstract

Radio-loud quasars (RLQs) are more X-ray luminous than predicted by the X-ray-optical/UV relation (i.e. $L_{\mathrm{x}}\propto L_{\mathrm{uv}}^{\gamma }$) for radio-quiet quasars (RQQs). The excess X-ray emission depends on the radio-loudness parameter ($R$) and radio spectral slope (${\alpha }_{\mathrm{r}}$). We construct a uniform sample of 729 optically selected RLQs with high fractions of X-ray detections and ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{r}}$ measurements.We find that steep-spectrum radio quasars (SSRQs; ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{r}}\le -0.5$) follow a quantitatively similar $L_{\mathrm{x}}\propto L_{\mathrm{uv}}^{\gamma }$ relation as that for RQQs, suggesting a common coronal origin for the X-ray emission of both SSRQs and RQQs. However, the corresponding intercept of SSRQs is larger than that for RQQs and increases with $R$, suggesting a connection between the radio jets and the configuration of the accretion flow. Flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs; ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{r}}>-0.5$) are generally more X-ray luminous than SSRQs at given $L_{\mathrm{uv}}$ and $R$, likely involving more physical processes. The emergent picture is different from that commonly assumed where the excess X-ray emission of RLQs is attributed to the jets. We thus perform model selection to comparecritically these different interpretations, which prefers the coronal scenario with a corona-jet connection. A distinct jet component is likely important for only a small portion of FSRQs.The corona-jet, disk-corona, and disk-jet connections of RLQs are likely driven by independent physical processes. Furthermore, the corona-jet connection implies that small-scale processesin the vicinity of SMBHs, probably associated with the magnetic flux/topology instead of black-hole spin, are controlling the radio-loudness of quasars.

30 pages, 17 figures, published in MNRAS

References in corpus (125)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
• A Catalog of Quasar Properties from SDSS DR7
• Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets
• Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog V. Seventh Data Release
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The GMRT 150 MHz All-sky Radio Survey: First Alternative Data Release TGSS ADR1
• Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Magnetically Arrested Disk: An Energetically Efficient Accretion Flow
• The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys
• Statistics: Handle with Care, Detecting Multiple Model Components with the Likelihood Ratio Test
• Active Galactic Nuclei as scaled-up Galactic black holes
• On the fundamental dichotomy in the local radio-AGN population: accretion, evolution, and host galaxy properties
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey - I. Survey Description and Preliminary Data Release
• Active Galactic Nuclei: what's in a name?
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey - II. First data release
• The Chandra Source Catalog
• The Soft X-Ray Properties of a Complete Sample of Optically Selected Quasars II. Final Results
• The X-ray-to-Optical Properties of Optically-Selected Active Galaxies Over Wide Luminosity and Redshift Ranges
• Three-dimensional MHD Simulations of Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows
• Optical and Radio Properties of Extragalactic Sources Observed by the FIRST and SDSS Surveys
• GRMHD Simulations of Magnetized Advection Dominated Accretion on a Non-Spinning Black Hole: Role of Outflows
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog IV. Fifth Data Release
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth Data Release
• Probing the Inner Jet of the Quasar PKS 1510-089 with Multi-waveband Monitoring during Strong Gamma-ray Activity
• The evolution of black hole states
• The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: twelfth data release
• eROSITA Science Book: Mapping the Structure of the Energetic Universe
• The X-ray to optical-UV luminosity ratio of X-ray selected Type 1 AGN in XMM-COSMOS
• The X-ray Properties of the Most-Luminous Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• X-ray Spectra of a large sample of Quasars with ASCA
• Jets from black hole X-ray binaries: testing, refining and extending empirical models for the coupling to X-rays
• The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. VII. The third XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
• Efficient Photometric Selection of Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: II. ~1,000,000 Quasars from Data Release Six
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• The Last of FIRST: The Final Catalog and Source Identifications
• On the Nature of Soft X-ray Weak Quasi-Stellar Objects
• Space density of optically-selected type 2 quasars
• X-CIGALE: fitting AGN/galaxy SEDs from X-ray to infrared
• X-ray Emission from Extragalactic Jets
• Most Supermassive Black Holes must be Rapidly Rotating
• Compact continuum source-finding for next generation radio surveys
• The tight relation between X-ray and ultraviolet luminosity of quasars
• The New Generation Atlas of Quasar Spectral Energy Distributions from Radio to X-rays
• On the origin of radio emission in radio quiet quasars
• Signals from the Noise: Image Stacking for Quasars in the FIRST Survey
• An X-ray Spectral Survey of Radio-Loud AGN With ASCA
• Accretion states and radio loudness in Active Galactic Nuclei: analogies with X-ray binaries
• WISE photometry for 400 million SDSS sources
• Prograde and Retrograde Black Holes: Whose Jet is More Powerful?
• Rapid Variability of Blazar 3C 279 during Flaring States in 2013-2014 with Joint Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, and Ground-Based Multi-wavelength Observations
• Coronal outflow dominated accretion discs: a new possibility for low luminosity black holes?
• The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream
• Magnetically Arrested Disks and Origin of Poynting Jets: Numerical Study
• Source finding in the era of the SKA (precursors): Aegean 2.0
• The UKIRT Hemisphere Survey: Definition and J-band Data Release
• A Chandra Survey of Quasar Jets: First Results
• Radio Loud and Radio Quiet Quasars
• Accretion disc coronae as magnetic reservoirs
• XMM-Newton spectroscopy of high-redshift QSOs
• Radio Galaxy Zoo: host galaxies and radio morphologies derived from visual inspection
• Magnetic flux paradigm for radio-loudness of AGN
• AGN and Starburst Radio Emission from Optically Selected QSOs
• Are Optically-Selected Quasars Universally X-Ray Luminous? X-Ray/UV Relations in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasars
• Radiative magnetic reconnection near accreting black holes
• X-ray Emission from Optically Selected Radio-Intermediate and Radio-Loud Quasars
• The Intrinsically X-ray Weak Quasar PHL 1811. I. X-ray Observations and Spectral Energy Distribution
• Connection between the Accretion Disk and Jet in the Radio Galaxy 3C 111
• A Chandra Search for Coronal X Rays from the Cool White Dwarf GD 356
• The Disk-Jet Connection in Microquasars and AGN
• Is there a Dichotomy in the Radio Loudness Distribution of Quasars?
• The X-ray properties of $z>6$ quasars: no evident evolution of accretion physics in the first Gyr of the Universe
• X-ray and soft gamma-ray spectra of Broad-Line Radio Galaxies
• Weak Hard X-ray Emission from Broad Absorption Line Quasars: Evidence for Intrinsic X-ray Weakness
• BeppoSAX view of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• Hard X-Ray Spectra of Broad-Line Radio Galaxies from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer
• X-ray Properties of the GigaHertz-Peaked and Compact Steep Spectrum Sources
• Disclosing the Radio Loudness Distribution Dichotomy in Quasars: An Unbiased Monte Carlo Approach Applied to the SDSS-FIRST Quasar Sample
• Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red and blue quasars: evolution strongly favoured over orientation
• Extragalactic Radio Continuum Surveys and the Transformation of Radio Astronomy
• Radio-loud flares from microquasars and radio-loudness of quasars
• Spectroscopic Identification of Type 2 Quasars at Z < 1 in SDSS-III/BOSS
• Quasars as standard candles II: The non linear relation between UV and X-ray emission at high redshifts
• Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density
• Quantifying the Bayesian Evidence for a Planet in Radial Velocity Data
• The X-Ray Variability of a Large, Serendipitous Sample of Spectroscopic Quasars
• NuSTAR Reveals the Comptonizing Corona of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 382
• Structure of the Accretion Flow in Broad-Line Radio Galaxies: The Case of 3C390.3
• Transient jet formation and state transitions from large-scale magnetic reconnection in black hole accretion discs
• The contribution of spin to jet-disk coupling in black holes
• An X-ray and Multiwavelength Survey of Highly Radio-Loud Quasars at z > 4: Jet-Linked Emission in the Brightest Radio Beacons of the Early Universe
• Probing black hole accretion tracks, scaling relations and radiative efficiencies from stacked X-ray active galactic nuclei
• 3C 273 with NuSTAR: Unveiling the AGN
• X-ray Observations of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 390.3
• Broadband Observations of High Redshift Blazars
• The X-ray/UV ratio in Active Galactic Nuclei: dispersion and variability
• What can we learn about quasars from alpha_OX measurements in galactic black hole binaries?
• An X-ray Imaging Survey of Quasar Jets -- The Complete Survey
• Investigating the X-ray enhancements of highly radio-loud quasars at z > 4
• Exploring X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGN up to z ~ 2.3
• XMM-Newton spectroscopy of an X-ray selected sample of RL AGNs
• Radiative Properties of Magnetically-Arrested Disks
• Comparison of hard X-ray spectra of luminous radio galaxies and their radio-quiet counterparts
• A Chandra Survey of the X-ray Properties of Broad Absorption Line Radio-Loud Quasars
• Radio/X-ray monitoring of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 382. High-energy view with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• Nustar Measurement Of Coronal Temperature In Two Luminous, High Redshift Qsos
• Multi-wavelength Variability of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C 120
• The X-ray reflection spectrum of the radio-loud quasar 4C 74.26
• The nature of a broad line radio galaxy: Simultaneous RXTE and Chandra HETG observations of 3C 382
• Comparison of SEDs of very massive radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN
• A NuSTAR view of powerful gamma-ray loud blazars
• Coronal properties of the Seyfert 1 galaxy 3C 120 with NuSTAR
• The under-explored radio-loudness of quasars and the possibility of radio-source--environment interactions
• Chandra Observations of Six QSOs at z $\approx$ 3
• X-ray analysis of the accreting supermassive black hole in the radio galaxy PKS 2251+11

Cited by in corpus (32)

• Fitting AGN/galaxy X-ray-to-radio SEDs with CIGALE and improvement of the code
• On the Observational Difference Between the Accretion Disk-Corona Connections among Super- and Sub-Eddington Accreting Active Galactic Nuclei
• Spectral Energy Distributions in Three Deep-Drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: Source Classification and Galaxy Properties
• First constraints on the AGN X-ray luminosity function at $z\sim 6$ from an eROSITA-detected quasar
• The frequency of extreme X-ray variability of radio-quiet quasars
• Radio Detection of VIK J2318$-$3113, the Most Distant Radio-Loud Quasar ($z$=6.44)
• The radio emission from Active Galactic Nuclei
• What controls the UV-to-X-ray continuum shape in quasars?
• Discovery of the most X-ray luminous quasar SRGE J170245.3+130104 at redshift z$\approx 5.5$
• Acceleration and cooling of the corona during X-ray flares from the Seyfert galaxy I Zw 1
• Intermediate-mass black holes and the fundamental plane of black hole accretion
• Do Radio Active Galactic Nuclei Reflect X-ray Binary Spectral States?
• Identification and Characterization of a Large Sample of Distant Active Dwarf Galaxies in XMM-SERVS
• Beyond Simple AGN Unification with Chandra-observed 3CRR Sources
• The X-ray spectral and variability properties of typical radio-loud quasars
• Radio AGN Selection and Characterization in Three Deep-Drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time
• The SOUX AGN Sample: SDSS-XMM-Newton Optical, Ultraviolet and X-ray selected active galactic nuclei spanning a wide range of parameter space -- Sample definition
• The extremely X-ray luminous radio-loud quasar CFHQS J142952+544717 at $z=6.18$ under Chandra high-angular resolution lens
• Disentangling the AGN and Star-Formation Contributions to the Radio-X-ray Emission of Radio-Loud Quasars at 1<z<2
• The Nature of Luminous Quasars with Very Large C IV Equivalent Widths
• Multi-wavelength properties of three new radio-powerful $z\sim 5.6$ quasi-stellar objects discovered from RACS
• Investigation of a small X-ray flaring event in NLS1 galaxy NGC 4051
• The origin of X-ray emission in 3CRR sources: hints from mid-infrared Spitzer observations
• X-ray properties of high-redshift Radio Loud and Radio Quiet Quasars observed by Chandra
• Constraining X-ray emission of magnetically arrested disk (MAD) by radio-loud AGNs with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) deficit
• Photometric Selection of type 1 Quasars in the XMM-LSS Field with Machine Learning and the Disk-Corona Connection
• A cosmological distance measure using radio-loud quasars
• Revisiting the X-ray-to-UV relation of Quasars in the era of all-sky surveys
• The jet emitting disk standard accretion disk model applied to the active galactic nuclei ultra violet Xray correlation
• Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph$-$Distant Quasar Survey: the Chandra View
• The X-ray statistical properties of dust-obscured galaxies detected by eROSITA
• X-ray emission of radio-loud quasar SDSS J121426.52+140258.9: independent variations between optical/UV and X-ray emission