The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey: The specific angular momentum of ETGs

Abstract

Mass and angular momentum are key parameters of galaxies. Their co-evolution establishes an empirical relation between the specific stellar angular momentum j* and the stellar mass M* that depends on morphology. In this work, we measure j* in a sample of 32 early type galaxies (ETGs) from the ePN.S survey, using full 2D kinematic information out to a mean 6Re. We present lambda and j* profiles. We derive the distribution of these galaxies on the total j*-M* plane and determine the ratio between the stellar j* and the specific angular momentum of the host dark matter halo. The radially extended, 2D kinematic data show that the stellar halos of ETGs do not contain large stellar mass fractions of high j*. The j*-profiles of fast-rotator ETGs are largely converged within the range of the data. For slow rotators, j* is still rising and is estimated to increase beyond 6Re by up to 40%. More than 60% of their halo angular momentum is in misaligned rotation. We find that the ePN.S ETG sample displays the well-known correlation between j*, M*, and morphology: elliptical galaxies have systematically lower j* than similar mass S0 galaxies. However, fast and slow rotators lie on the same relation within errors with the slow rotators falling at the high M* end. A power-law fit to the j*-M* relation gives a slope of 0.55+-0.17 for the S0s and 0.76+-0.23 for the ellipticals, with normalisation about 4 and 9 times lower than spirals, respectively. The estimated retained fraction of angular momentum at 10^10-10^10.5 Msun is 25% for S0s and >10% for ellipticals, and decreases by 1.5 orders of magnitude at M*~10^12 Msun. Our results show that ETGs have substantially lower j* than spiral galaxies with similar M*. Their j* must be lost during their evolution, and/or retained in the hot gas component and the satellite galaxies that have not yet merged with the central galaxy. [abridged]

arXiv comment26 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (125)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• The many lives of active galactic nuclei: cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• The Formation of Galactic Disks
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: matter and galaxy clustering
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
• MILES: A Medium resolution INT Library of Empirical Spectra
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy color bimodality
• Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes
• Adaptive spatial binning of integral-field spectroscopic data using Voronoi tessellations
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: A tale of two elements -- chemical evolution of magnesium and europium
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• The Atlas3D project -- I. A volume-limited sample of 260 nearby early-type galaxies: science goals and selection criteria
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos
• An updated MILES stellar library and stellar population models
• The SAURON project -- IX. A kinematic classification for early-type galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of Fast and Slow Rotators
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• The Atlas3D project - XX. Mass-size and mass-sigma distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function
• Concentration, Spin and Shape of Dark Matter Haloes as a Function of the Cosmological Model: WMAP1, WMAP3 and WMAP5 results
• On the shape of the light profiles of early-type galaxies
• Forming Disk Galaxies in Lambda CDM Simulations
• Kinemetry: a generalisation of photometry to the higher moments of the line-of-sight velocity distribution
• The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. V. Measurement and Recalibration of Surface Brightness Fluctuations and a Precise Value of the Fornax--Virgo Relative Distance
• The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars
• The SAURON project - III. Integral-field absorption-line kinematics of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - II. Morphologies, kinemetric features and alignment between photometric and kinematic axes of early-type galaxies
• The optical morphologies of galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation: a comparison to Pan-STARRS observations
• The Centers of Early-Type Galaxies with HST. V. New WFPC2 Photometry
• The ATLAS${}^{3D}$ project - XXV: Two-dimensional kinematic analysis of simulated galaxies and the cosmological origin of fast and slow rotators
• The Assembly of Galaxies in a Hierarchically Clustering Universe
• Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited
• Connecting Angular Momentum and Galactic Dynamics: The complex Interplay between Spin, Mass, and Morphology
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: II. 'Cusp' Ellipticals
• An Atlas of Galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions from the Ultraviolet to the Mid-Infrared
• Evolution of the angular momentum of protogalaxies from tidal torques: Zel'dovich approximation
• Galactic Angular Momentum in the Illustris Simulation: Feedback and the Hubble Sequence
• Kinematic properties of early-type galaxy haloes using planetary nebulae
• The role of mergers and halo spin in shaping galaxy morphology
• Radial variations in the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies
• The globular cluster system of NGC 1399 V. dynamics of the cluster system out to 80 kpc
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. I. The extended and diffuse stellar halo of NGC~1399 out to 192 kpc
• Wide-Field Precision Kinematics of the M87 Globular Cluster System
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the link between angular momentum and optical morphology
• Angular momentum evolution of galaxies in EAGLE
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. I. Overview and Atlas of Optical Images
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Revisiting Galaxy Classification Through High-Order Stellar Kinematics
• The Kinematic Connection Between Galaxies and Dark Matter Haloes
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Stellar angular momentum of about 2300 galaxies: unveiling the bimodality of massive galaxy properties
• The ATLAS3D project - XVII. Linking photometric and kinematic signatures of stellar discs in early-type galaxies
• Quantifying the impact of mergers on the angular momentum of simulated galaxies
• Fundamental Mass-Spin-Morphology Relation of Spiral Galaxies
• Formation of disk galaxies: feedback and the angular momentum problem
• The Supermassive Black Hole Mass - Spheroid Stellar Mass Relation for Sérsic and Core-Sérsic Galaxies
• Detection, photometry and slitless radial velocities of 535 planetary nebulae in the flattened elliptical galaxy NGC 4697
• The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: the dark matter in NGC 4494
• Angular Momentum and Galaxy Formation Revisited: Effects of Variable Mass-to-light Ratios
• The origin of the diverse morphologies and kinematics of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE-2 simulations
• Specific Angular Momentum of Disc Merger Remnants and the ${\lambda }_R$-Parameter
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Spatially Resolved Stellar Initial Mass Function in $\sim$400 Early-Type Galaxies
• The orbital structure and potential of NGC 1399
• The link between the assembly of the inner dark matter halo and the angular momentum evolution of galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• The MASSIVE Survey - V. Spatially-Resolved Stellar Angular Momentum, Velocity Dispersion, and Higher Moments of the 41 Most Massive Local Early-Type Galaxies
• Dark matter content and internal dynamics of NGC 4697: NMAGIC particle models from slit data and planetary nebulae velocities
• The Planetary Nebulae Spectrograph: the green light for Galaxy Kinematics
• The specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and its connection with galaxy morphology, bar structure and disc gravitational instability
• UBVRI Night sky brightness during sunspot maximum at ESO-Paranal
• The Origin and Evolution of Fast and Slow Rotators in the Illustris Simulation
• The GIST Pipeline: A Multi-Purpose Tool for the Analysis and Visualisation of (Integral-field) Spectroscopic Data
• Kinematics of Simulated Galaxies I: Connecting Dynamical and Morphological Properties of Early-Type Galaxies at Different Redshifts
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. II. Fornax A: a two-phase assembly caught on act
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: comparing 3D spectroscopic observations with galaxies from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. II. Isophotal Analysis
• VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. II. Photometric study of giant ellipticals and their stellar halos
• The angular momentum-mass relation: a fundamental law from dwarf irregulars to massive spirals
• Angular Momentum and Galaxy Formation Revisited: Scaling Relations for Disks and Bulges
• Exploring the mass assembly of the early-type disc galaxy NGC3115 with MUSE
• IMF radial gradients in most massive early-type galaxies
• Planetary Nebula Spectrograph survey of S0 galaxy kinematics. II. Clues to the origins of S0 galaxies
• Combining Stellar Populations with Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modelling - the Formation History of the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3115
• The SLUGGS Survey: stellar kinematics, kinemetry and trends at large radii in 25 early-type galaxies
• On the evolution of galaxy spin in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of galaxy clusters
• The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey. The kinematic diversity of stellar halos and the relation between halo transition scale and stellar mass
• The outer regions of the giant Virgo galaxy M87. Kinematic separation of stellar halo and intracluster light
• The baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies
• Searching for diffuse light in the M96 Group
• The stellar halos of ETGs in the IllustrisTNG simulations: the photometric and kinematic diversity of galaxies at large radii
• Dynamical evidence for a morphology-dependent relation between the stellar and halo masses of galaxies
• The SLUGGS Survey: stellar masses and effective radii of early-type galaxies from Spitzer Space Telescope 3.6$\mu$m imaging
• The stellar halos of ETGs in the IllustrisTNG simulations: II. Accretion, merger history, and dark halo connection
• Galaxy spin as a formation probe: the stellar-to-halo specific angular momentum relation
• HST/ACS observations of shell galaxies: inner shells, shell colours and dust
• Galaxy disc scaling relations: A tight linear galaxy -- halo connection challenges abundance matching
• Spatially resolved mass-to-light from the CALIFA survey. Mass-to-light ratio vs. color relations
• Galactic angular momentum in the IllustrisTNG simulation -- I. Connection to morphology, halo spin, and black hole mass
• Galaxy properties as revealed by MaNGA. I. Constraints on Initial Mass Function and M${}_{\ast }$/L gradients in ellipticals
• Rotation curves and scaling relations of extremely massive spiral galaxies
• Testing the nature of S0 galaxies using planetary nebula kinematics in NGC 1023
• The Structure of Galaxies: I. Surface Photometry Techniques
• The stellar population and initial mass function of NGC 1399 with MUSE
• The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph survey of S0 galaxy kinematics. Data and Overview
• Surprises in Image Decomposition of Edge-on Galaxies: does Sombrero have a (classical) bulge?
• Sloshing in its cD halo: MUSE kinematics of the central galaxy NGC 3311
• Kinematics of Simulated Galaxies II: Probing the Stellar Kinematics of Galaxies out to Large Radii
• Dark matter halos and scaling relations of extremely massive spiral galaxies from extended HI rotation curves
• Three dynamically distinct stellar populations in the halo of M49
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Stellar M/L gradients and the M/L-colour relation in galaxies
• Kinematic analysis of EAGLE simulations: Evolution of ${\lambda }_{Re}$ and its connection with mergers and gas accretion
• The SLUGGS survey: combining stars, globular clusters and planetary nebulae to understand the assembly history of early-type galaxies from their large radii kinematics
• Kinematics of the diffuse intragroup and intracluster light in groups and clusters of galaxies in the Local Universe within 100 Mpc distance
• The outermost stellar halo of NGC 5128 (Centaurus A): Radial structure
• The half mass radius of MaNGA galaxies: Effect of IMF gradients
• The halo of M105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations: II. Using kinematics of single stars to unveil the presence of intragroup light around the Leo I galaxies NGC 3384 and M105
• Recovering the origins of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3115 using multi-band imaging
• Stellar kinematics and populations out to 1.5 effective radius in the elliptical galaxy NGC4636
• The inner structure of the S0 galaxy NGC3384

Cited by in corpus (3)

• First resolved stellar halo kinematics of a MW-mass galaxy outside the Local Group: A flat counter-rotating halo in NGC 4945
• A Shallow Slope for the Stellar Mass--Angular Momentum Relation of Star-Forming Galaxies at $1.5<z<2.5$
• Exploring the Angular Momentum -- Atomic Gas Content Connection with EAGLE and IllustrisTNG