Probing site-resolved correlations in a spin system of ultracold molecules

Abstract

Synthetic quantum systems with interacting constituents play an important role in quantum information processing and in elucidating fundamental phenomena in many-body physics. Following impressive advances in cooling and trapping techniques, ensembles of ultracold polar molecules have emerged as a promising synthetic system that combines several advantageous properties. These include a large set of internal states for encoding quantum information, long nuclear and rotational coherence times and long-range, anisotropic interactions. The latter are expected to allow the exploration of intriguing phases of correlated quantum matter, such as topological superfluids, quantum spin liquids, fractional Chern insulators and quantum magnets. Probing correlations in these phases is crucial to understand their microscopic properties, necessitating the development of new experimental techniques. Here we use quantum gas microscopy to measure the site-resolved dynamics of quantum correlations in a gas of polar molecules in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Using two rotational states of the molecules, we realize a spin-1/2 system where the particles are coupled via dipolar interactions, producing a quantum spin-exchange model. Starting with the synthetic spin system prepared far from equilibrium, we study the evolution of correlations during the thermalization process for both spatially isotropic and anisotropic interactions. Furthermore, we study the correlation dynamics in a spin-anisotropic Heisenberg model engineered from the native spin-exchange model using Floquet techniques. These experiments push the frontier of probing and controlling interacting systems of ultracold molecules, with prospects for exploring new regimes of quantum matter and characterizing entangled states useful for quantum computation and metrology.

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Cited by in corpus (69)

• Continuous Symmetry Breaking in a Two-dimensional Rydberg Array
• On-Demand Entanglement of Molecules in a Reconfigurable Optical Tweezer Array
• Scalable spin squeezing in a dipolar Rydberg atom array
• Quantum state manipulation and cooling of ultracold molecules
• Formation of ultracold molecules by merging optical tweezers
• Sub-millisecond Entanglement and iSWAP Gate between Molecular Qubits
• Enhanced quantum control of individual ultracold molecules using optical tweezer arrays
• Two-axis twisting using Floquet-engineered XYZ spin models with polar molecules
• Diatomic molecules of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms: interaction potentials, dipole moments, and polarizabilities
• Observation of Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between an atom and a polar molecule
• Observation of generalized t-J spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions
• Quantum Gas Microscopy of Fermions in the Continuum
• Antiferromagnetic bosonic $t$-$J$ models and their quantum simulation in tweezer arrays
• Hydrodynamics in long-range interacting systems with center-of-mass conservation
• Magnetism in the two-dimensional dipolar XY model
• Electro-association of ultracold dipolar molecules into tetramer field-linked states
• Frustrated extended Bose-Hubbard model and deconfined quantum critical points with optical lattices at the anti-magic wavelength
• SU(N) magnetism with ultracold molecules
• Æ codes
• Blackbody thermalization and vibrational lifetimes of trapped polyatomic molecules
• Manipulating growth and propagation of correlations in dipolar multilayers: From pair production to bosonic Kitaev models
• Spin exchange-enabled quantum simulator for large-scale non-Abelian gauge theories
• Higher-Order Methods for Hamiltonian Engineering Pulse Sequence Design
• Quantum state tracking and control of a single molecular ion in a thermal environment
• Enhanced quantum state transfer via feedforward cancellation of optical phase noise
• Rotor/spin-wave theory for quantum spin models with U(1) symmetry
• Efficient Pathway to NaCs Ground State Molecules
• Temperature flow in pseudo-Majorana functional renormalization for quantum spins
• Laser cooling of a fermionic molecule
• Long distance optical conveyor-belt transport of ultracold ${}^{133}$Cs and ${}^{87}$Rb atoms
• Time-reversal in a dipolar quantum many-body spin system
• Observation of anisotropy-independent magnetization dynamics in spatially disordered Heisenberg spin systems
• Long-lived multilevel coherences and spin-1 dynamics encoded in the rotational states of ultracold molecules
• Realizing multiband states with ultracold dipolar quantum simulators
• Two-mode Squeezing in Floquet Engineered Power-law Interacting Spin Models
• Quantum phases of lattice dipolar bosons coupled to a high-finesse cavity
• Accreditation of Analogue Quantum Simulators
• Momentum-selective pair creation of spin excitations in dipolar bilayers
• Spin Squeezing with Itinerant Dipoles: A Case for Shallow Lattices
• Near-resonant light scattering by an atom in a state-dependent trap
• Locality of gapped ground states in systems with power-law decaying interactions
• Detecting entanglement from macroscopic measurements of the electric field and its fluctuations
• Rotational properties of two interacting cold polar molecules: linear, symmetric, and asymmetric tops
• Dressed-State Spectroscopy and Magic Trapping of Microwave-Shielded NaCs Molecules
• Probing rotational decoherence with a trapped-ion planar rotor
• Highly Efficient Creation and Detection of Deeply-bound Molecules via Invariant-based Inverse Engineering with Feasible Modified Drivings
• Broad Feshbach resonance with a large background scattering length in a fermionic atom-molecule mixture
• High-fidelity quantum state control of a polar molecular ion in a cryogenic environment
• Atom-Molecule Superradiance and Entanglement with Cavity-Mediated Three-Body Interactions
• Many-body phases from effective geometrical frustration and long-range interactions in a subwavelength lattice
• Genetics-based deperturbation analysis for the spin-orbit coupled ${\mathrm{A}}^1{\Sigma }^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{b}}^3{\Pi }_{0^{+}}$ states of LiRb
• Tunnel-coupled optical microtraps for ultracold atoms
• Ultracold coherent control of molecular collisions at a Förster resonance
• Self-Ordered Supersolid in Spinor Condensates with Cavity-Mediated Spin-Momentum-Mixing Interactions
• Emergence of topological states in relaxation dynamics of interacting bosons
• Field-induced magnon decays in dipolar quantum magnets
• Optical lattice quantum simulator of dynamics beyond Born-Oppenheimer
• Nonequilibrium Critical Scaling of a Squeezing Phase Transition
• Multi-state detection and spatial addressing in a microscope for ultracold molecules
• Chiral phases and dynamics of dipoles in triangular optical ladders
• High-sensitivity molecular spectroscopy of SrOH using magneto-optical trapping
• Narrowline Laser Cooling and Spectroscopy of Molecules via Stark States
• Generalized pulse design in Floquet engineering: Application to interacting spin systems
• Strongly dipolar molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: From few- to many-body physics
• Topological floating phase of dipolar bosons in an optical ladder
• Trion formation and ordering in the attractive SU(3) Fermi-Hubbard model
• Bose-Hubbard model with power-law hopping in one dimension
• Control of Dipolar Dynamics by Geometrical Programming
• Metastable ferromagnetic clusters in dissipative many-body systems of polar molecules