Observation of generalized t-J spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions

Abstract

Long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions profoundly modify the dynamics of particles hopping in a periodic lattice potential. We report the realization of a generalized t-J model with dipolar interactions using a system of ultracold fermionic molecules with spin encoded in the two lowest rotational states. We independently tuned the dipolar Ising and spin-exchange couplings and the molecular motion and studied their interplay on coherent spin dynamics. Using Ramsey spectroscopy, we observed and modeled interaction-driven contrast decay that depends strongly both on the strength of the anisotropy between Ising and spin-exchange couplings and on motion. This study paves the way for future exploration of kinetic spin dynamics and quantum magnetism with highly tunable molecular platforms in regimes that are challenging for existing numerical and analytical methods.

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• Realization of a doped quantum antiferromagnet with dipolar tunnelings in a Rydberg tweezer array
• Spin squeezing in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
• Two-dopant origin of competing stripe and pair formation in Hubbard and $t$-$J$ models
• Effective potential and scattering length of shielding polar molecules
• Chiral phases and dynamics of dipoles in triangular optical ladders
• Formation of ultracold ${}^{39}$K${}^{133}$Cs Feshbach molecules
• Multi-state detection and spatial addressing in a microscope for ultracold molecules
• Topological floating phase of dipolar bosons in an optical ladder
• Topological bound states in a lattice of rings with nearest-neighbour interactions
• Spinon Singlet Pairing: Origin of $d$-Wave Sign Structure in a Partially-Filled Stripe
• Narrowline Laser Cooling and Spectroscopy of Molecules via Stark States
• Strongly dipolar molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: From few- to many-body physics