Microwave-engineering of programmable XXZ Hamiltonians in arrays of Rydberg atoms

Abstract

We use the resonant dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms and a periodic external microwave field to engineer XXZ spin Hamiltonians with tunable anisotropies. The atoms are placed in 1D and 2D arrays of optical tweezers, allowing us to study iconic situations in spin physics, such as the implementation of the Heisenberg model in square arrays, and the study of spin transport in 1D. We first benchmark the Hamiltonian engineering for two atoms, and then demonstrate the freezing of the magnetization on an initially magnetized 2D array. Finally, we explore the dynamics of 1D domain wall systems with both periodic and open boundary conditions. We systematically compare our data with numerical simulations and assess the residual limitations of the technique as well as routes for improvements. The geometrical versatility of the platform, combined with the flexibility of the simulated Hamiltonians, opens exciting prospects in the field of quantum simulation, quantum information processing and quantum sensing.

10 pages, 4 main figures, 2 supplementary figures

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• Relaxation of antiferromagnetic order in spin-1/2 chains following a quantum quench
• Relaxation dynamics in the gapped XXZ spin-1/2 chain
• Enhanced atom-by-atom assembly of arbitrary tweezers arrays
• Local optical control of the resonant dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms
• Dynamics of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain initialized in a domain-wall state
• Floquet Hamiltonian Engineering of an Isolated Many-Body Spin System

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