Realization of an extremely anisotropic Heisenberg magnet in Rydberg atom arrays

Abstract

Strong mutual interactions correlate elementary excitations of quantum matter and plays a key role in a range of emergent phenomena, from binding and condensation to quantum thermalization and many-body localization. Here, we employ a Rydberg quantum simulator to experimentally demonstrate strongly correlated spin transport in anisotropic Heisenberg magnets, where the magnon-magnon interaction can be tuned two orders of magnitude larger than the magnon hopping strength. In our approach, the motion of magnons is controlled by an induced spin-exchange interaction through Rydberg dressing, which enables coherent transport of a single Rydberg excitation across a chain of ground-state atoms. As the most prominent signature of a giant anisotropy, we show that nearby Rydberg excitations form distinct types of magnon bound states, where a tightly bound pair exhibits frozen dynamics in a fragmented Hilbert space, while a loosely bound pair propagates and establishes correlations beyond a single lattice site. Our scheme complements studies using resonant dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg states, and opens the door to exploring quantum thermodynamics with ultrastrong interactions and kinetic constraints.

11 pages, 5 figure

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• Probing Hilbert Space Fragmentation with Strongly Interacting Rydberg Atoms
• Phase diagram and topology of the XXZ chain with alternating bonds and staggered magnetic field
• Quantum gates between distant atoms mediated by a Rydberg excitation antiferromagnet
• Floquet-engineered Emergent Massive Nambu-Goldstone Modes
• Integrable models on Rydberg atom chains
• Geodesic Algorithm for Unitary Gate Design with Time-Independent Hamiltonians
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