Observation of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss Effect with Ultracold Molecules

Abstract

Measuring the statistical correlations of individual quantum objects provides an excellent way to study complex quantum systems. Ultracold molecules represent a powerful platform for quantum science due to their rich and controllable internal degrees of freedom. However, the detection of correlations between single molecules in an ultracold gas has yet to be demonstrated. Here we observe the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect in a gas of bosonic ${}^{23}$Na${}^{87}$Rb, enabled by the realization of a quantum gas microscope for molecules. We detect the characteristic bunching correlations in the density fluctuations of a 2D molecular gas released from and subsequently recaptured in an optical lattice. The quantum gas microscope allows us to extract the positions of individual molecules with single-site resolution. As a result, we obtain a high-contrast two-molecule interference pattern with a visibility of $54(13)\%$. While these measured correlations arise purely from the quantum statistics of the molecules, the demonstrated capabilities pave the way toward site-resolved studies of interacting molecular gases in optical lattices.

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Cited by in corpus (17)

• Probing site-resolved correlations in a spin system of ultracold molecules
• Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator
• Sub-millisecond Entanglement and iSWAP Gate between Molecular Qubits
• Diatomic molecules of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms: interaction potentials, dipole moments, and polarizabilities
• Observation of counterflow superfluidity in a two-component Mott insulator
• Enhanced quantum state transfer via feedforward cancellation of optical phase noise
• A comparative study of deconvolution techniques for quantum-gas microscope images
• Three-dimensional imaging of single atoms in an optical lattice via helical point-spread-function engineering
• Long distance optical conveyor-belt transport of ultracold ${}^{133}$Cs and ${}^{87}$Rb atoms
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• Quantum uncertainty of optical coherence
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• Strongly dipolar molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: From few- to many-body physics
• Preparation of quasi-two-dimensional Bose mixture of ultracold ${}^{23}$Na and ${}^{87}$Rb atoms