Observation of counterflow superfluidity in a two-component Mott insulator

Abstract

The counterflow superfluidity (CSF) was predicted two decades ago. Counterintuitively, while both components in the CSF have fluidity, their correlated counterflow currents cancel out leading the overall system to an incompressible Mott insulator. However, realizing and identifying the CSF remain challenging due to the request on extreme experimental capabilities in a single setup. Here, we observe the CSF in a binary Bose mixture in optical lattices. We prepare a low-entropy spin-Mott state by conveying and merging two spin-1/2 bosonic atoms at every site and drive it adiabatically to the CSF at $\sim$ 1 nK. Antipair correlations of the CSF are probed though a site- and spin-resolved quantum gas microscope in both real and momentum spaces. These techniques and observations provide accessibility to the symmetry-protected topological quantum matters.

arXiv comment13 pages, 10 figures

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• Phase transition, phase separation and mode softening of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity
• Revisiting vestigial order in nematic superconductors: gauge-field mechanisms and model constraints
• Field Theory of Borromean Super-counterfluids
• Fate of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled $XY$ Models
• Emergent supercounterfluid and quantum phase diagram of two-component interacting bosons in one-dimensional optical lattice
• Magnetization-induced reordering of ground states phase diagram in a two-component Bose-Hubbard model
• Miscibility-Immiscibility transition of strongly interacting bosonic mixtures in optical lattices