Seconds-scale coherence on nuclear spin transitions of ultracold polar molecules in 3D optical lattices

Abstract

Ultracold polar molecules (UPMs) are emerging as a novel and powerful platform for fundamental applications in quantum science. Here, we report characterization of the coherence between nuclear spin levels of ultracold ground-state sodium-rubidium molecules loaded into a 3D optical lattice with a nearly photon scattering limited trapping lifetime of 9(1) seconds. After identifying and compensating the main sources of decoherence, we achieve a maximum nuclear spin coherence time of $T_2^{\ast }=3.3(6)$~s with two-photon Ramsey spectroscopy. Furthermore, based on the understanding of the main factor limiting the coherence of the two-photon Rabi transition, we obtain a Rabi lineshape with linewidth below 0.8 Hz. The simultaneous realization of long lifetime and coherence time, and ultra-high spectroscopic resolution in our system unveils the great potentials of UPMs in quantum simulation, computation, and metrology.

6 pages, 4 figures

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• Quantum state manipulation and cooling of ultracold molecules
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• Sub-millisecond Entanglement and iSWAP Gate between Molecular Qubits
• Dynamical quantum phase transitions in a noisy lattice gauge theory
• Robust nuclear spin entanglement via dipolar interactions in polar molecules
• General classification of qubit encodings in ultracold diatomic molecules
• The iSWAP gate with polar molecules: Robustness criteria for entangling operations
• Spin Squeezing with Itinerant Dipoles: A Case for Shallow Lattices
• Dressed-State Spectroscopy and Magic Trapping of Microwave-Shielded NaCs Molecules
• Long nuclear spin coherence times for molecules trapped in high-purity solid parahydrogen
• Scalable platform for qudit-based quantum computing using polar molecules