Toward the discovery of matter creation with neutrinoless double-beta decay

Abstract

The discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay could soon be within reach. This hypothetical ultra-rare nuclear decay offers a privileged portal to physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Its observation would constitute the discovery of a matter-creating process, corroborating leading theories of why the universe contains more matter than antimatter, and how forces unify at high energy scales. It would also prove that neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are not two distinct particles, but can transform into each other, with their mass described by a unique mechanism conceived by Majorana. The recognition that neutrinos are not massless necessitates an explanation and has boosted interest in neutrinoless double-beta decay. The field stands now at a turning point. A new round of experiments is currently being prepared for the next decade to cover an important region of parameter space. In parallel, advances in nuclear theory are laying the groundwork to connect the nuclear decay with the underlying new physics. Meanwhile, the particle theory landscape continues to find new motivations for neutrinos to be their own antiparticle. This review brings together the experimental, nuclear theory, and particle theory aspects connected to neutrinoless double-beta decay, to explore the path toward - and beyond - its discovery.

arXiv commentreview article (with illustrations by Laura Manenti)

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• Consistent large-scale shell-model analysis of the two-neutrino $\beta \beta$ and single $\beta$ branchings in ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$
• Bilinear R-parity violating SUSY: Neutrinoless double beta decay in the light of solar and atmospheric neutrino data
• Search for Light Exotic Fermions in Double-Beta Decays
• The first result on 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay from CDEX-1 experiment
• Neutrinoless double-beta decay from an effective field theory for heavy nuclei
• Probing flavor models with Ge-76-based experiments on neutrinoless double-beta decay
• Solar neutrino interactions with the double beta decay nuclei of ${}^{82}$Se, ${}^{100}$Mo and ${}^{150}$Nd
• Ab initio calculation of muon capture on ${}^{24}$Mg
• Second-forbidden nonunique ${\beta }^{-}$ decays of ${}^{59,60}$Fe: Possible candidates for $g_A$ sensitive electron spectral-shape measurements
• Topological background discrimination in the PandaX-III neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
• Uncertainty quantification of an empirical shell-model interaction using principal component analysis
• Benchmark neutrinoless double-beta decay matrix elements in a light nucleus
• Gamow-Teller and double-beta decays of heavy nuclei within an effective theory
• Uncertainty quantification in nuclear shell model
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with ${}^{82}$SeF${}_6$ and Direct Ion Imaging
• The union of rotational and vibrational modes in generator-coordinate-type calculations, with application to neutrinoless double-beta decay
• Benchmarking ${}^{136}$Xe Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay Matrix Element Calculations with the ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(p,t)$ Reaction
• Global calculation of two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay within the finite amplitude method in nuclear density functional theory
• Application of efficient generator-coordinate subspace-selection algorithm to neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay
• Short-range correlation effects on the nuclear matrix element of neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay
• Probing the Mechanism of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay in Multiple Isotopes
• Modeling of GERDA Phase II data
• Boosting background suppression in the NEXT experiment through Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
• Search for nucleon decays with EXO-200
• Isoscalar pairing interaction for the quasiparticle random-phase approximation approach to double-$\beta$ and $\beta$ decays
• Optical Properties of Quantum-Dot-Doped Liquid Scintillators
• The Majorana Parts Tracking Database
• Search for Tri-Nucleon Decay in the Majorana Demonstrator
• Neutron-proton pairing and double-beta decay in the interacting boson model
• Interference Between Light and Heavy Neutrinos for $0\nu \beta \beta$ Decay in the Left-Right Symmetric Model
• Novel Nuclear Structure Aspects of the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Interference Effects for $0\nu \beta \beta$ Decay in the Left-Right Symmetric Model
• R2D2 spherical TPC: first energy resolution results
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay via Light Neutralinos in R-Parity Violating Supersymmetry
• Solar Axion Search Technique with Correlated Signals from Multiple Detectors
• False starts in history of searches for double beta decay, or Discoverless double beta decay
• Nuclear matrix elements for $\lambda$ mechanism of $0\nu \beta \beta$ of ${}^{48}$Ca in nuclear shell-model: Closure versus nonclosure approach
• A high-resolution CMOS imaging detector for the search of neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay in ${}^{82}$Se
• AXEL: High-pressure Xe gas TPC for BG-free $0\nu 2\beta$ decay search
• Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the beta-decay of 137Xe to the Ground State of 137Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory
• Ingredients of nuclear matrix element for two-neutrino double-beta decay of 48Ca
• Double charge-exchange phonon states
• Low-scale leptogenesis with flavour and CP symmetries
• Investigation of pair-correlated $0^{+}$ states in ${}^{134}$Ba via the ${}^{136}$Ba($p,t$) reaction
• Nuclear structure studies of double Gamow-Teller strength
• Production and Characterization of 228Th Calibration Sources with Low Neutron Emission for GERDA
• Two-body weak currents in heavy nuclei
• Double Beta Decays into Excited States in ${}^{110}$Pd and ${}^{102}$Pd
• A Review and Outlook for the Removal of Radon-Generated Po-210 Surface Contamination
• Discovery probabilities of Majorana neutrinos based on cosmological data
• Spectroscopy of states in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Ba}$ using the ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{p},\mathrm{t})$ reaction
• Pairing properties of the double-β emitter 116Cd
• Flavor Symmetries in the Yukawa Sector of Non-Supersymmetric SO(10): Numerical Fits Using Renormalization Group Running

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• Direct detection of dark matter: a critical review
• PandaX-xT: a Multi-ten-tonne Liquid Xenon Observatory at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory
• Ab initio uncertainty quantification of neutrinoless double-beta decay in ${}^{76}$Ge
• Search for Majorana Neutrinos with the Complete KamLAND-Zen Dataset
• The symmetry approach to quark and lepton masses and mixing
• Demonstration of neutrinoless double beta decay searches in gaseous xenon with NEXT
• Improved limit on neutrinoless double beta decay of ${}^{100}$Mo from AMoRE-I
• The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• $\nu$DoBe -- A Python Tool for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• A Survey of Neutrino Flavor Models and the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Funnel
• CUPID, the CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification
• Probing Beyond the Standard Model Physics with Double-beta Decays
• One-neutron transfer reaction in the ${}^{18}$O + ${}^{48}$Ti collision at 275 MeV
• Neutrinoless double beta decay rates in the presence of light sterile neutrinos
• Recent progress in the electroweak structure of light nuclei using quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Relativistic configuration-interaction density functional theory: Nonaxial effects on nuclear $\beta \beta$ decay
• The background model of the CUPID-Mo $0\nu \beta \beta$ experiment
• Neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay and double Gamow-Teller transitions
• Test of ${}^{116}$CdWO${}_4$ and Li${}_2$MoO${}_4$ scintillating bolometers in the CROSS underground facility with upgraded detector suspension
• A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat
• Twelve-crystal prototype of Li${}_2$MoO${}_4$ scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments
• Relativistic model-free prediction for neutrinoless double beta decay at leading order
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic form factors in light nuclei
• Muon Capture on ${}^6$Li, ${}^{12}$C, and ${}^{16}$O from $AbInitio$ Nuclear Theory
• ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(d,\alpha )$ study of states in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Cs}$: Implications for new physics searches with xenon detectors
• Low-energy structure and $\beta$ decay properties of neutron-rich nuclei in the region of a shape phase transition
• Searching for ${}^{76}$Ge neutrinoless double beta decay with the CDEX-1B experiment
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay from Scalar Leptoquarks: Interplay with Neutrino Mass and Flavor Physics
• Impact of nuclear matrix element calculations for current and future neutrinoless double beta decay searches
• Revisiting the Dirac Nature of Neutrinos in the Light of $\Delta (27)$ and Cyclic Symmetries
• $g_{\mathrm{A}}$-sensitive $\beta$ spectral shapes in the mass $A=86-99$ region assessed by the nuclear shell model
• Impact of isovector pairing fluctuation on neutrinoless double-beta decay in multi-reference covariant density functional theory
• Large-scale shell-model study of two-neutrino double-beta decay of ${}^{82}$Se, ${}^{94}$Zr, ${}^{108}$Cd, ${}^{124}$Sn, ${}^{128}$Te, ${}^{130}$Te, ${}^{136}$Xe, and ${}^{150}$Nd
• Effects of pairing strength on the nuclear structure and double-$\beta$ decay predictions within the mapped interacting boson model
• Enhanced feature encoding and classification on distributed quantum hardware
• Magnetic structure of $A\le 10$ nuclei using the Norfolk nuclear models with quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Constrained Neutrino Mass Matrix and Majorana Phases
• A Realistic Neutrino mixing scheme arising from $A_4$ symmetry
• Characterization of newly developed large area SiC sensors for the NUMEN experiment
• Two-neutrino double electron capture of ${}^{124}$Xe in the first LUX-ZEPLIN exposure
• Neutrino Mixing from a Fresh Perspective
• Probing the Nature of Heavy Neutral Leptons in Direct Searches and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• A novel mechanical design of a bolometric array for the CROSS double-beta decay experiment
• BINGO innovative assembly for background reduction in bolometric $0\nu \beta \beta$ experiments
• A Quantum Annealing Protocol to Solve the Nuclear Shell Model
• Confronting the low-scale seesaw and leptogenesis with neutrinoless double beta decay
• Simultaneous Measurement of Half-Life and Spectral Shape of ${}^{115}$In $\beta$-decay with an Indium Iodide Cryogenic Calorimeter
• Ultra-Low Background Germanium Assay at the Boulby Underground Laboratory
• Interplay between non-interfering neutrino exchange mechanisms and nuclear matrix elements in $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay
• Dark matter as the source of neutrino mass: theory overview and experimental prospects
• First demonstration of a TES based cryogenic Li${}_2$MoO${}_4$detector for neutrinoless double beta decay search
• Parameter dependence of the $\beta$-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes within the interacting boson model
• Double-beta decay of ${}^{150}$Nd to excited levels of ${}^{150}$Sm
• High-precision measurements of the atomic mass and electron-capture decay $Q$ value of ${}^{95}$Tc
• Testing Heavy Neutral Leptons in Cosmic Ray Beam Dump experiments
• ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: New prospects to study double beta decay of ${}^{64}$Zn
• Configuration mixing effects on neutrinoless $\beta \beta$-decay nuclear matrix elements
• Unveiling Neutrino Mysteries with $\Delta (27)$ Symmetry
• Correlating $0\nu \beta \beta$ decays and flavor observables in leptoquark models
• Development of large-volume ${}^{130}$TeO${}_2$ bolometers for the CROSS $2\beta$ decay search experiment
• Neutrinoless double-beta decay in a finite volume from relativistic effective field theory
• Induced Isotensor Interactions in Heavy-Ion Double-Charge-Exchange Reactions and the Role of Initial and Final State Interactions
• Subspace-projected multireference covariant density functional theory
• Final Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{76}$Ge to Excited States of ${}^{76}$Se
• Insights on the Scale of Leptogenesis from Neutrino Masses and Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
• Effects of perturbation for transition operator of double-$\beta$ decay on nuclear matrix element, effective axial-vector current coupling, and half-life
• Revisiting the Universal Texture Zero of Flavour: a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis
• Nuclear matrix elements calculation for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{124}$Sn using nonclosure approach in nuclear shell model
• Effect of Spin-Dependent Short-Range Correlations on Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of ${}^{48}$Ca
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and $<\eta >$ Mechanism in the Left-Right Symmetric Model
• Projections of Discovery Potentials from Expected Background
• Probing Dark Sector Particles Coupling to Neutrinos with Double Beta Decay
• Development of MMC-based lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters for AMoRE-II
• Leptonic CP violation from the seesaw
• Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in
• Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ decay in the interacting boson model based on the nuclear energy density functionals
• Pathfinding Quantum Simulations of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
• Leptogenesis in Realistic Flipped SU(5)
• Sensitivity analysis of $\beta$-decay half-life predictions for Ge, As, Zr and Mo nuclei within the mapped interacting boson model
• Constraints on NJL four-fermion effective interactions from neutrinoless double beta decay
• Optimization of convolutional neural networks for background suppression in the PandaX-III experiment
• New parameter region in sterile neutrino searches: a scenario to alleviate cosmological neutrino mass bound and its testability at oscillation experiments
• Benchmarking nuclear matrix elements of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay with high-energy nuclear collisions
• A unique Neutrino Mass Matrix Texture under Exponential Parametrization
• Precise ${}^{136}$Xe Double Beta Decay Measurement in PandaX-4T with Implications on the Nuclear Matrix Elements and Majorons
• Two-neutrino $\beta \beta$ decay to excited states at next-to-leading order
• Neutrino Theory Overview
• Calculation and comparison of sensitivities in $0\nu \beta \beta$ experiments based on key parameters
• Standard and Non-Standard Aspects of Neutrino Physics
• Nucleon Electric Dipole Moments in Paramagnetic Molecules through Effective Field Theory
• Measurement of the $2\nu \beta \beta$ decay rate and spectral shape of ${}^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment
• Canadian Contributions to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Exploring the keV-scale physics potential of CUORE
• Cryogenic light detectors with thermal signal amplification for $0\nu \beta \beta$ search experiments
• Sensitivity of neutrinoless double beta decays from a combined analysis of ground and excited states
• Machine learning-powered data cleaning for LEGEND: a semi-supervised approach using affinity propagation and support vector machines
• Determination of the Muon Lifetime in ${}^{76}$Se with the MONUMENT experiment
• The study of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{136}$Xe using nonclosure approach in nuclear shell model
• Benchmarking projected generator coordinate method for nuclear Gamow-Teller transitions
• A rapid low-background assay of ${}^{210}$Pb in archaeological lead
• Ab initio short-range nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double-beta decay
• The lepton-number-violating pion decay and the type-I seesaw mechanism in chiral perturbation theory