Rotation and Lithium Confirmation of a 500 Parsec Halo for the Open Cluster NGC 2516

Abstract

Recent analyses of the Gaia data have identified diffuse stellar populations surrounding nearby open clusters. It is important to verify that these "halos", "tails", and "strings" are of similar ages and compositions as stars in the denser part of the cluster. We present an analysis of NGC 2516 ($\approx$150 Myr), which has a classical tidal radius of 10 pc and an apparent halo of stars spanning 500 pc ($20^{\circ }$ on-sky). Combining photometry from Gaia, rotation periods from TESS, and lithium measurements from Gaia-ESO and GALAH, we find that the halo of NGC 2516 is the same age as the cluster's core. Two thirds of kinematically selected halo members out to 250 pc from the cluster center have rotation periods consistent with a gyrochronological age of 150 Myr. A comparison sample of field stars shows no such trend. The lithium abundances of stars in the halo are higher than in the field, and are correlated with the stellar rotation rate and binarity fraction, as has been noted in other young open clusters. Broadly speaking, this work supports a new paradigm wherein the halos of open clusters are often more populous than their cores. We highlight implications for spectroscopic survey targeting, open cluster dispersal, and planet searches around young stars.

AJ accepted

References in corpus (51)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• galpy: A Python Library for Galactic Dynamics
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• The GALAH Survey: Scientific Motivation
• Improving PARSEC models for very low mass stars
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry
• Evolution of low-mass star and brown dwarf eclipsing binaries
• The Mass-Dependence of Angular Momentum Evolution in Sun-Like Stars
• A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
• Improved angular momentum evolution model for solar-like stars II. Exploring the mass dependence
• Lithium depletion and the rotational history of exoplanet host stars
• When Do Stalled Stars Resume Spinning Down? Advancing Gyrochronology with Ruprecht 147
• K2 rotation periods for low-mass Hyads and a quantitative comparison of the distribution of slow rotators in the Hyades and Praesepe
• Four newborn planets transiting the young solar analog V1298 Tau
• The Monitor project: Rotation of low-mass stars in the open cluster NGC 2516
• A Temporary Epoch of Stalled Spin-Down for Low-Mass Stars: Insights from NGC 6811 with Gaia and Kepler
• YBC, a stellar bolometric corrections database with variable extinction coefficients: an application to PARSEC isochrones
• Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
• Towards precise stellar ages: combining isochrone fitting with empirical gyrochronology
• Improving the open cluster census. I. Comparison of clustering algorithms applied to Gaia DR2 data
• On the competing effect of wind braking and interior coupling in the rotational evolution of solar-like stars
• Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood -- V. Discovery of coronae of nearby star clusters
• Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood - I. The tidal tails of the Hyades
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) II: A 17 Myr Old Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Sco-Cen Association
• Untangling the Galaxy. II. Structure within 3 kpc
• Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood - II. Discovery of a nearby 120° stellar stream in Gaia DR2
• Discovery of Tidal Tails in Disrupting Open Clusters: Coma Berenices and a Neighbor Stellar Group
• Rotation, inflation, and lithium in the Pleiades
• Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. I. Light Curves of Stars in Open Clusters from TESS Sectors 6 & 7
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: a new approach to chemically characterising young open clusters
• A Measurement of Radius Inflation in the Pleiades and its Relation to Rotation and Lithium Depletion
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) V: A Sub-Neptune Transiting a Young Star in a Newly Discovered 250 Myr Association
• Lithium depletion in solar-like stars: effect of overshooting based on realistic multi-dimensional simulations
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) IV: Three small planets orbiting a 120 Myr-old star in the Pisces--Eridanus stream
• Two young planetary systems around field stars with ages between 20-320 Myr from TESS
• Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
• NGTS clusters survey. I. Rotation in the young benchmark open cluster Blanco 1
• The Effect of Binarity on Stellar Rotation - Beyond the Reach of Tides
• The effects of rotation on the lithium depletion of G- and K-dwarfs in Messier 35
• Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood - III. Like ships in the night: the Coma Berenices neighbor moving group
• The $\mu$ Tau Association: A 60 Myr-Old Coeval Group at 150 pc from the Sun
• The rotation period distribution of the rich Pleiades-age Southern open cluster NGC 2516. Existence of a representative zero-age main sequence distribution
• Tidal tails of open star clusters as probes to early gas expulsion I: A semi-analytic model
• Tidal tails of open star clusters as probes to early gas expulsion II: Predictions for Gaia
• Stellar Spins in the Open Cluster NGC 2516
• Discovery of a young stellar "snake" with two dissolving cores in the solar neighborhood
• The Chemical Nature of the Young 120-Myr-old Nearby Pisces-Eridanus Stellar Stream Flowing through the Galactic Disk
• The lithium-rotation connection in the newly discovered young stellar stream Psc-Eri (Meingast 1)
• The 800pc long tidal tails of the Hyades star cluster: Possible discovery of candidate epicyclic overdensities from an open star cluster

Cited by in corpus (31)

• The Empirical Limits of Gyrochronology
• TOI-1136 is a Young, Coplanar, Aligned Planetary System in a Pristine Resonant Chain
• The PLATO field selection process I. Identification and content of the long-pointing fields
• Stellar Rotation in the Gaia Era: Revised Open Clusters Sequences
• 3D Morphology of Open Clusters in the Solar Neighborhood with Gaia EDR3 II: Hierarchical Star Formation Revealed by Spatial and Kinematic Substructures
• Asymmetrical tidal tails of open star clusters: stars crossing their cluster's prah challenge Newtonian gravitation
• The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. II. Twenty New Giant Planets
• Untangling the Galaxy. IV. Empirical Constraints on Angular Momentum Evolution and Gyrochronology for Young Stars in the Field
• Gyrochronological dating of the stellar moving group Group X
• Asteroseismology of the young open cluster NGC 2516 I: Photometric and spectroscopic observations
• Stellar Rotation and Structure of the $\alpha$ Persei Complex: When Does Gyrochronology Start to Work?
• The PLATO field selection process. II. Characterization of LOPS2, the first long-pointing field
• Tidal tails of open clusters
• A 38 Million Year Old Neptune-Sized Planet in the Kepler Field
• Age-dating the young open cluster UBC 1 with g-mode asteroseismology, gyrochronology, and isochrone fitting
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Constraining evolutionary models and ages for young low mass stars with measurements of lithium depletion and rotation
• Measurement of the angular momenta of pre-main-sequence stars: early evolution of slow and fast rotators and empirical constraints on spin-down torque mechanisms
• Young nearby open clusters and their luminosity functions
• Estimating the ages of open star clusters from properties of their extended tidal tails
• Understanding the Planetary Formation and Evolution in Star Clusters(UPiC)-I: Evidence of Hot Giant Exoplanets Formation Timescales
• A rotational age for the open cluster NGC 2281
• Tidal debris from Omega Centauri discovered with unsupervised machine learning
• NGTS clusters survey $-$ V: Rotation in the Orion Star-forming Complex
• Confirming the Tidal Tails of the Young Open Cluster Blanco 1 with TESS Rotation Periods
• ChronoFlow: A Data-Driven Model for Gyrochronology
• Finding the dispersing siblings of young open clusters. Dynamical traceback simulations using Gaia DR3
• TOI-858 B b: A hot Jupiter on a polar orbit in a loose binary
• Cluster membership analysis with supervised learning and $N$-body simulations
• The evolutionary state of the chemically peculiar members of the open cluster NGC2516
• Lost Sisters Found: TESS and Gaia Reveal a Dissolving Pleiades Complex
• Probing stellar rotation in the Pleiades with gravity-mode pulsators