Estimating the ages of open star clusters from properties of their extended tidal tails

Abstract

The most accurate current methods for determining the ages of open star clusters, stellar associations and stellar streams are based on isochrone fitting or the lithium depletion boundary. We propose another method for dating these objects based on the morphology of their extended tidal tails, which have been recently discovered around several open star clusters. Assuming that the early-appearing tidal tails, the so called tidal tails I, originate from the stars released from the cluster during early gas expulsion, or that they form in the same star forming region as the cluster (i.e. being coeval with the cluster), we derive the analytical formula for the tilt angle $\beta$ between the long axis of the tidal tail and the orbital direction for clusters or streams on circular trajectories. Since at a given Galactocentric radius, $\beta$ is only a function of age $t$ regardless of the initial properties of the cluster, we estimate the cluster age by inverting the analytical formula $\beta =\beta (t)$. We illustrate the method on a sample of $12$ objects, which we compiled from the literature, and we find a reasonable agreement with previous dating methods in $\approx 70$% of the cases. This can probably be improved by taking into account the eccentricity of the orbits and by revisiting the dating methods based on stellar evolution. The proposed morphological method is suitable for relatively young clusters (age $\lesssim 300$ Myr), where it provides a relative age error of the order of $10$ to $20$% for an error in the observed tilt angle of $5^{\circ }$.

13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, Accepted by ApJ

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• Asymmetrical tidal tails of open star clusters: stars crossing their cluster's prah challenge Newtonian gravitation
• Tidal tails of open clusters
• A Gaia astrometric view of the open clusters Pleiades, Praesepe and Blanco 1
• Exploring Galactic open clusters with Gaia I. An examination in the first kiloparsec
• Nearby open clusters with tidal features: golden sample selection and 3D structure
• Finding the dispersing siblings of young open clusters. Dynamical traceback simulations using Gaia DR3
• Tidal Tails of Nearby Open Clusters. II. A Review of Simulated Properties and the Reliability of Observational Catalogues
• Dynamical model of Praesepe and its tidal tails