TOI-503: The first known brown dwarf-Am star binary from the TESS mission

Abstract

We report the discovery of an intermediate-mass transiting brown dwarf, TOI-503b, from the TESS mission. TOI-503b is the first brown dwarf discovered by TESS and orbits a metallic-line A-type star with a period of $P=3.6772\pm 0.0001$ days. The light curve from TESS indicates that TOI-503b transits its host star in a grazing manner, which limits the precision with which we measure the brown dwarf's radius ($R_b=1.34_{-0.15}^{+0.26}{R}_J$). We obtained high-resolution spectroscopic observations with the FIES, Ondřejov, PARAS, Tautenburg, and TRES spectrographs and measured the mass of TOI-503b to be $M_b=53.7\pm 1.2M_J$. The host star has a mass of $M_{\star }=1.80\pm 0.06M_{\odot }$, a radius of $R_{\star }=1.70\pm 0.05R_{\odot }$, an effective temperature of $T_{\mathrm{eff}}=7650\pm 160$K, and a relatively high metallicity of $0.61\pm 0.07$ dex. We used stellar isochrones to derive the age of the system to be $\sim$180 Myr, which places its age between that of RIK 72b (a $\sim$10 Myr old brown dwarf in the Upper Scorpius stellar association) and AD 3116b (a $\sim$600 Myr old brown dwarf in the Praesepe cluster). We argue that this brown dwarf formed in-situ, based on the young age of the system and the long circularization timescale for this brown dwarf around its host star. TOI-503b joins a growing number of known short-period, intermediate-mass brown dwarfs orbiting main sequence stars, and is the second such brown dwarf known to transit an A star, after HATS-70b. With the growth in the population in this regime, the driest region in the brown dwarf desert ($35-55M_J\sin i$) is reforesting and its mass range shrinking.

arXiv comment26 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables. Accepted to AJ

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