A SiO J = 5 - 4 Survey Toward Massive Star Formation Regions

Abstract

We performed a survey in the SiO $J=5\to 4$ line toward a sample of 199 Galactic massive star-forming regions at different evolutionary stages with the SMT 10 m and CSO 10.4 m telescopes. The sample consists of 44 infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), 86 protostellar candidates, and 69 young \HII\ regions. We detected SiO $J=5\to 4$ line emission in 102 sources, with a detection rate of 57\%, 37\%, and 65\% for IRDCs, protostellar candidates, and young \HII\ regions, respectively. We find both broad line with Full Widths at Zero Power (FWZP) $>$ 20 \kms and narrow line emissons of SiO in objects at various evolutionary stages, likely associated with high-velocity shocks and low-velocity shocks, respectively. The SiO luminosities do not show apparent differences among various evolutionary stages in our sample. We find no correlation between the SiO abundance and the luminosity-to-mass ratio, indicating that the SiO abundance does not vary significantly in regions at different evolutionary stages of star formation.

25 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). II: Molecular Outflows in the Extreme Early Stages of Protocluster Formation
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• Star formation in 'the Brick': ALMA reveals an active proto-cluster in the Galactic centre cloud G0.253+0.016
• ALMA Observations of Massive Clouds in the Central Molecular Zone: Ubiquitous Protostellar Outflows
• ALMA observations of NGC 6334S. II. Subsonic and Transonic Narrow Filaments in a High-mass Star Formation Cloud
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
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• Light Curve Calculations for Triple Microlensing Systems
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
• Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules in SiO-traced massive outflows
• Shaken or stirred: the diffuse interstellar medium with exceptionally high SiO abundance
• Star burst in W49N presumably induced by cloud-cloud collision
• Imaging Molecular Outflow in Massive Star-forming Regions with HNCO Lines
• New SiS destruction and formation routes via neutral-neutral reactions and their fundamental role in interstellar clouds at low and high metallicity values
• Searching for Molecular Jets from High-Mass Protostars
• What did the seahorse swallow? APEX 170 GHz observations of the chemical conditions in the Seahorse infrared dark cloud
• Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XIX. The origin of SiO emission
• Dense Molecular Ring-like structure in gaseous CO depletion region G34.74-0.12