The RMS Survey: Ammonia and water maser analysis of massive star forming regions

Abstract

The Red MSX Source (RMS) survey has identified a sample of ~1200 massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), compact and ultra compact HII regions from a sample of ~2000 MSX and 2MASS colour selected sources. We have used the 100 m Green Bank telescope to search for 22-24 GHz water maser and ammonia (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) emission towards ~600 RMS sources located within the northern Galactic plane. We have identified 308 H2O masers which corresponds to an overall detection rate of ~50%. Abridged: We detect ammonia emission towards 479 of these massive young stars, which corresponds to ~80%. Ammonia is an excellent probe of high density gas allowing us to measure key parameters such as gas temperatures, opacities, and column densities, as well as providing an insight into the gas kinematics. The average kinetic temperature, FWHM line width and total NH3 column density for the sample are approximately 22 K, 2 km/s and 2x10^{15} cm^{-2}, respectively. We find that the NH3 (1,1) line width and kinetic temperature are correlated with luminosity and finding no underlying dependence of these parameters on the evolutionary phase of the embedded sources, we conclude that the observed trends in the derived parameters are more likely to be due to the energy output of the central source and/or the line width-clump mass relationship. The velocities of the peak H2O masers and the NH3 emission are in excellent agreement with each other, which would strongly suggest an association between the dense gas and the maser emission. Moreover, we find the bolometric luminosity of the embedded source and the isotropic luminosity of the H2O maser are also correlated. We conclude from the correlations of the cloud and water maser velocities and the bolometric and maser luminosity that there is a strong dynamical relationship between the embedded young massive star and the H2O maser.

17 pages and 17 figures and 8 tables. Tables\,2 and 5 and full versions of Figs. 3 and 7 are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/

References in corpus (11)

• An Ammonia Spectral Atlas of Dense Cores in Perseus
• The H_2O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS): I. Techniques and H_2O maser data
• The RMS Survey: Critical Tests of Accretion Models for the Formation of Massive Stars
• The Luminosity Functions and Timescales of MYSOs and Compact HII regions
• The RMS Survey: Radio observations of candidate massive YSOs in the southern hemisphere
• The RMS Survey: The Bolometric Fluxes and Luminosity Distributions of Young Massive Stars
• Multi-wavelength observations of Southern Hot Molecular Cores traced by methanol masers - I. Ammonia and 24 GHz Continuum Data
• The RMS Survey: Mid-Infrared Observations of Candidate Massive YSOs in the Southern Hemisphere
• The RMS Survey: ${}^{13}$CO observations of candidate massive YSOs in the northern Galactic plane
• The RMS Survey: Distribution and properties of a sample of massive young stars
• A Pilot Survey for the H${}_2$O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS)

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