Ammonia observations towards the Aquila Rift cloud complex

Abstract

We surveyed the Aquila Rift complex including the Serpens South and W40 region in the NH${}_3$(1,1) and (2,2) transitions making use of the Nanshan 26-m telescope. The kinetic temperatures of the dense gas in the Aquila Rift complex range from 8.9 to 35.0K with an average of 15.3$\pm$6.1K. Low gas temperatures associate with Serpens South ranging from 8.9 to 16.8K with an average 12.3$\pm$1.7K, while dense gas in the W40 region shows higher temperatures ranging from 17.7 to 35.0K with an average of 25.1$\pm$4.9 K. A comparison of kinetic temperatures against HiGal dust temperatures indicates that the gas and dust temperatures are in agreement in the low mass star formation region of Serpens South. In the high mass star formation region W40, the measured gas kinetic temperatures are higher than those of the dust. The turbulent component of the velocity dispersion of NH${}_3$(1,1) is found to be positively correlated with the gas kinetic temperature, which indicates that the dense gas may be heated by dissipation of turbulent energy. For the fractional total-NH3 abundance obtained by a comparison with Herschel infrared continuum data representing dust emission we find values from 0.1 to 21$\times 10^{-8}$ with an average of 6.9$(\pm 4.5)\times 10^{-8}$. Serpens South also shows a fractional total-NH3 abundance ranging from 0.2 to 21$\times 10^{-8}$ with an average of 8.6($\pm 3.8)\times 10^{-8}$. In W40, values are lower, between 0.1 and 4.3$\times 10^{-8}$ with an average of 1.6($\pm 1.4)\times 10^{-8}$. Weak velocity gradients demonstrate that the rotational energy is a negligible fraction of the gravitational energy. In W40, gas and dust temperatures are not strongly dependent on the projected distance to the recently formed massive stars. Overall, the morphology of the mapped region is ring-like, with strong emission at lower and weak emission at higher Galactic longitudes.

References in corpus (48)

• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• Physical Conditions in Regions of Star Formation
• The Critical Density and the Effective Excitation Density of Commonly Observed Molecular Dense Gas Tracers
• The Aquila prestellar core population revealed by Herschel
• Ammonia from cold high-mass clumps discovered in the inner Galactic disk by the ATLASGAL survey
• On the internal structure of starless cores. II. A molecular survey of L1498 and L1517B
• The Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP): Project Details and Initial Results from the Galactic Longitude of 25.8deg to 49.7deg
• The RMS Survey: Ammonia and water maser analysis of massive star forming regions
• The Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS): First Results of NH3 mapping the Gould Belt
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. VII. Characterizing the Properties of Massive Star-Forming Regions
• The Spitzer Gould Belt Survey of Large Nearby Interstellar Clouds: Discovery of a Dense Embedded Cluster in the Serpens-Aquila Rift
• The Dynamical State of Barnard 68: A Thermally Supported, Pulsating Dark Cloud
• The Herschel first look at protostars in the Aquila Rift
• Gaia-DR2 confirms VLBA parallaxes in Ophiuchus, Serpens and Aquila
• The Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS) III. The distance to the Serpens/Aquila Molecular Complex
• Probing Pre-Protosellar Cores with Formaldehyde
• Dense Cores in Perseus: The Influence of Stellar Content and Cluster Environment
• VLA observations of ammonia in high-mass star formation regions
• Nitrogen hydrides in interstellar gas II. Analysis of Herschel/HIFI observations towards W49N and G10.6-0.4 (W31C)
• Physical properties of high-mass clumps in different stages of evolution
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey -- III. Characterizing Physical Properties of Massive Star-Forming Regions in the Gemini OB1 Molecular Cloud
• A multi-wavelength study of star formation activity in the S235 complex
• Characterization of Infrared Dark Clouds -- NH${}_3$ Observations of an Absorption-contrast Selected IRDC Sample
• A Chandra Observation of the Obscured Star-Forming Complex W40
• First detection of ammonia in M82
• W40 region in the Gould Belt : An embedded cluster and H II region at the junction of filaments
• ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy: VI. Kinetic temperature and spatial density measured with formaldehyde
• The fragmentation and stability of hierarchical structure in Serpens South
• The RMS Survey: Ammonia mapping of the environment of massive young stellar objects
• Kinetic temperature of massive star forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde
• Temperature structure and kinematics of the IRDC G035.39-00.33
• Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde. III. The Orion Molecular Cloud 1
• First NH3 detection of the Orion Bar
• First Detection of Ammonia in the Large Magellanic Cloud: The Kinetic Temperature of Dense Molecular Cores in N159W
• The Comparison of Physical Properties Derived from Gas and Dust in a Massive Star-Forming Region
• Thermal balance and comparison of gas and dust properties of dense clumps in the Hi-GAL survey
• Star-forming regions of the Aquila rift cloud complex. I. NH3 tracers of dense molecular cores
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: Evidence for radiative heating and contamination in the W40 complex
• Extended ammonia observations towards the 'Integral-Shaped Filament'
• Local Molecular Gas toward the Aquila Rift Region
• Wide-Field ${}^{12}$CO ($J=2-1$) and ${}^{13}$CO ($J=2-1$) Observations toward the Aquila Rift and Serpens Molecular Cloud Complexes. I. Molecular Clouds and Their Physical Properties
• A Cluster of Compact Radio Sources in W40
• Temperatures of dust and gas in S~140
• ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{CO}$ and $H110\alpha$ Observations toward the Aquila Molecular Cloud
• Physical conditions around 6.7 GHz methanol masers-I: Ammonia
• Star-forming regions of the Aquila rift cloud complex. II. Turbulence in molecular cores probed by NH3 emission

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde V. The massive filament DR21
• Observations of multiple NH${}_3$ transitions in W33
• KAgoshima Galactic Object survey with Nobeyama 45-metre telescope by Mapping in Ammonia lines (KAGONMA): Star formation feedback on dense molecular gas in the W33 complex