YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: IV - Jets and outflows in Cygnus-X

Abstract

We have performed an unbiased search for outflows from young stars in Cygnus-X using 42 deg${}^2$ of data from the UKIRT Widefield Infrared Survey for H${}_2$ (UWISH2 survey), to identify shock-excited near-IR H${}_2$ emission in the 1$-$0 S(1) 2.122 $\mu$m line. We uncovered 572 outflows, of which 465 are new discoveries, increasing the number of known objects by more than 430%. This large and unbiased sample allows us to statistically determine the typical properties of outflows from young stars. We found 261 bipolar outflows and 16% of these are parsec-scale. The typical bipolar outflow is 0.45pc in length and has gaps of 0.025 to 0.1pc between large knots. The median luminosity in the 1$-$0 S(1) line is 10${}^{-3}$ L${}_{\odot }$. The bipolar flows are typically asymmetrical, with the two lobes misaligned by 5${}^{\circ }$, one lobe 30% shorter than the other, and one lobe twice as bright as the other. Of the remaining outflows, 152 are single-sided and 159 are groups of extended, shock-excited H${}_2$ emission without identifiable driving sources. Half of all driving sources have sufficient WISE data to determine their evolutionary status as either protostars (80%) or classical T-Tauri stars (20%). One fifth of the driving sources are variable by more than 0.5mag in the K-band continuum over several years. Several of the newly-identified outflows provide excellent targets for follow up studies. We particularly encourage the study of the outflows and young stars identified in a bright-rimmed cloud near IRAS 20294$+$4255, which seems to represent a textbook example of triggered star formation.

arXiv comment27 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS. Appendix contains examples from the two image sets and machine-readable data table that will be available in the online journal. Full version available at http://astro.kent.ac.uk/~df/papers.html with full appendix

References in corpus (39)

• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
• The AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared All-Sky Survey
• The UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey
• The Burst Mode of Protostellar Accretion
• Parallaxes and proper motions of interstellar masers toward the Cygnus X star-forming complex. I. Membership of the Cygnus X region
• The Red MSX Source Survey: the Massive Young Stellar Population of our Galaxy
• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey -- II. Catalog of the Image Data
• WFCAM, Spitzer-IRAC and SCUBA observations of the massive star forming region DR21/W75: I. The collimated molecular jets
• The RMS Survey: Ammonia and water maser analysis of massive star forming regions
• A systematic survey for eruptive young stellar objects using mid-infrared photometry
• A near IR imaging survey of intermediate and high-mass young stellar outflow candidates
• The 2008 extreme outburst of the young eruptive variable star Ex Lupi
• A General Catalogue of Molecular Hydrogen Emission-Line Objects (MHOs) in Outflows from Young Stars
• Misalignment of Outflow Axes in the Proto-Multiple Systems in Perseus
• The distance and neutral environment of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
• Infrared spectroscopy of eruptive variable protostars from VVV
• A census of molecular hydrogen outflows and their sources along the Orion A molecular ridge: characteristics and overall distribution
• Very compact radio emission from high-mass protostars. II. Dust disks and ionized accretion flows
• UWISH2 -- The UKIRT Widefield Infrared Survey for H2
• A shallow though extensive H2 2.12 micron imaging survey of Taurus-Auriga-Perseus: I. NGC1333, L1455, L1448 and B1
• The North American and Pelican Nebulae II. MIPS Observations and Analysis
• The Dependence of Protostellar Luminosity on Environment in the Cygnus-X Star-Forming Complex
• The standard model of low-mass star formation applied to massive stars: a multi-wavelength picture of AFGL 2591
• The JCMT 12CO(3-2) Survey of the Cygnus X Region: I. A Pathfinder
• The UWISH2 extended H2 source catalogue
• YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: II - Outflow Luminosity and Length distributions in Serpens and Aquila
• Extreme infrared variables from UKIDSS - II. an end-of-survey catalogue of eruptive YSOs and unusual stars
• Discovering Protostars and their Host Clusters via WISE
• Near-Infrared H2 and Continuum Survey of Extended Green Objects
• Extreme Infrared Variables from UKIDSS - I. A Concentration in Star Forming Regions
• YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: I - MHO catalogue for Serpens and Aquila
• Near-infrared H2 and Continuum Survey of Extended Green Objects. II. Complete Census for the Northern Galactic Plane
• Outflows, Dusty Cores, and a Burst of Star Formation in the North America and Pelican Nebulae
• UKIRT Widefield Infrared Survey for Fe${}^{+}$
• YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: III - Jets and Outflows in Cassiopeia and Auriga
• The Young Stellar Population of the Cygnus-X DR15 Region
• A Wide-Field Near-Ir H2 2.122$\mu$m line survey of the Braid Nebula Star Formation Region in Cygnus OB7
• Optical and Near-Infrared Shocks in the L988 Cloud Complex

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Quantifying Variability of YSOs in the Mid-IR Over Six Years with NEOWISE
• Determining the recurrence timescale of long-lasting YSO outbursts
• The Relationship between Mid-Infrared and Sub-Millimetre Variability of Deeply Embedded Protostars
• Short and long term near-infrared spectroscopic variability of eruptive protostars from VVV
• DR 21 South Filament: a Parsec-sized Dense Gas Accretion Flow onto the DR 21 Massive Young Cluster
• Searching for Molecular Outflows with Support Vector Machines: Dark Cloud Complex in Cygnus
• Deep diving off the `Cosmic Cliffs': previously hidden outflows in NGC 3324 revealed by JWST
• YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: V - Jets and Outflows in M17
• On the incidence of episodic accretion in Class I YSOs from VVV
• Monitoring of the polarized $H_{2}O$ maser emission around the massive protostars W75N(B)-VLA1 and W75N(B)-VLA2
• A Case Study of Triggered Star Formation in Cygnus X
• Studying a precessing jet of a massive young stellar object within a chemically rich region
• Extended Ionized Fe Objects in the UWIFE Survey
• Massive Young Stellar Objects and Outflow in the Infrared-Dark Cloud G79.3+0.3