The Far Infrared Emission of the First Massive Galaxies

Abstract

Massive Population II galaxies undergoing the first phase of vigorous star formation after the initial Population III stage should have high energy densities and silicate-rich interstellar dust. We have modeled the resulting far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs), demonstrating that they are shifted substantially to bluer (`warmer') wavelengths relative to the best fitting ones at z ~ 3, and with strong outputs in the 10 - 40 micron range. When combined with a low level of emission by carbon dust, their SEDs match that of Haro 11, a local moderately-low-metallicity galaxy undergoing a very young and vigorous starburst that is likely to approximate the relevant conditions in young Population II galaxies. We expect to see similar SEDs at high redshifts (z >= 5) given the youth of galaxies at this epoch. In fact, we find a progression with redshift in observed galaxy SEDs, from those resembling local ones at 2 < z < 4 to a closer resemblance with Haro 11 at 5 < z < 7. In addition to the insight on conditions in high redshift galaxies, this result implies that estimates of the total infrared luminosities at z ~ 6 based on measurements near lambda ~ 1 mm can vary by factors of 2 - 4, depending on the SED template used. Currently popular modified blackbodies or local templates can result in significant underestimates compared with the preferred template based on the SED of Haro 11.

arXiv commentaccepted, ApJ

References in corpus (102)

• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• Interpreting the Cosmic Infrared Background: Constraints on the Evolution of the Dust Enshrouded Star Formation Rate
• The Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Normal Star-Forming Galaxies: Calibration at Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Wavelengths
• A Dust-Obscured Massive Maximum-Starburst Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.34
• Determining Star Formation Rates for Infrared Galaxies
• The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star Forming Galaxies Since z=2 as Probed by Their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• The First Galaxies
• Optimization of Starburst99 for Intermediate-Age and Old Stellar Populations
• The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly-Lensed Galaxies
• The dust covering factor in active galactic nuclei
• On the effect of the Cosmic Microwave Background in high-redshift (sub-)millimeter observations
• Star Formation and Gas Kinematics of Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6: New insights from ALMA
• A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The spectral evolution of the first galaxies. I. James Webb Space Telescope detection limits and color criteria for population III galaxies
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• An ALMA [CII] survey of 27 quasars at z>5.94
• ALMA redshifts of millimeter-selected galaxies from the SPT survey: The redshift distribution of dusty star-forming galaxies
• A Herschel view of the far-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies
• Validation of the equilibrium model for galaxy evolution to z~3 through molecular gas and dust observations of lensed star-forming galaxies
• High Resolution Linear Polarimetric Imaging for the Event Horizon Telescope
• Mid Infrared Properties of Low Metallicity Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies From Spitzer/IRS
• Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
• ALMA Imaging and Gravitational Lens Models of South Pole Telescope-Selected Dusty, Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshifts
• Rotation in [CII]-emitting gas in two galaxies at a redshift of 6.8
• Dust temperature and mid-to-total infrared color distributions for star-forming galaxies at 0<z<4
• What Does a Submillimeter Galaxy Selection Actually Select? The Dependence of Submillimeter Flux Density on Star Formation Rate and Dust Mass
• ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [CII] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• The [CII] 158 micron line emission in high-redshift galaxies
• An extreme proto-cluster of luminous dusty starbursts in the early Universe
• Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. V. The dust and PAH emission SEDs of disk galaxies
• Dust Spectral Energy Distributions of Nearby Galaxies: an Insight from the Herschel Reference Survey
• Panchromatic spectral energy distributions of Herschel sources
• Gas and dust in a submillimeter galaxy at z = 4.24 from the Herschel ATLAS
• Linking dust emission to fundamental properties in galaxies: The low-metallicity picture
• Tracing the reionization epoch with ALMA: [CII] emission in z~7 galaxies
• The chemistry of population III supernova ejecta: II - The nucleation of molecular clusters as a diagnostic for dust in the early universe
• The Herschel census of infrared SEDs through cosmic time
• The role of star-formation and AGN in dust heating of z = 0.3-2.8 galaxies - I. Evolution with redshift and luminosity
• The redshift distribution of dusty star forming galaxies from the SPT survey
• The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: III. Polar dust emission
• Spectral Energy Distributions of QSOs at z>5: common AGN-heated dust and occasionally strong star-formation
• A bright z=5.2 lensed submillimeter galaxy in the field of Abell 773: HLSJ091828.6+514223
• A New Star-Formation Rate Calibration from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission Features and Application to High Redshift Galaxies
• Redshift 6.4 host galaxies of 10^8 solar mass black holes: low star formation rate and dynamical mass
• Super star clusters in Haro 11: Properties of a very young starburst and evidence for a near-infrared flux excess
• Evidence for a Hard Ionizing Spectrum from a z=6.11 Stellar Population
• Morphology and Size Differences between Local & High Redshift Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Chemical Signatures of the First Galaxies: Criteria for One-Shot Enrichment
• A massive, quiescent, population II galaxy at a redshift of 2.1
• Dust formation around AGB and SAGB stars: a trend with metallicity?
• Dust production 680-850 million years after the Big Bang
• The Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey: SPIRE-mm Photometric Redshifts
• Are high redshift Galaxies hot? - Temperature of z > 5 Galaxies and Implications on their Dust Properties
• The molecular gas reservoir of 6 low-metallicity galaxies from the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey: A ground-based follow-up survey of CO(1-0), CO(2-1), and CO(3-2)
• A dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6 revealed by strong gravitational lensing
• Dust from AGBs: relevant factors and modelling uncertainties
• ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7
• Infrared color selection of massive galaxies at z > 3
• A wide dispersion in star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
• ALMA [CII] detection of a redshift 7 lensed galaxy behind RXJ1347.1-1145
• Exploring the physical properties of local star-forming ULIRGs from the ultraviolet to the infrared
• Rise of the Titans: A Dusty, Hyper-Luminous "870 micron Riser" Galaxy at z~6
• Millimeter and Radio Observations of z~6 Quasars
• Dust-Deficient Palomar-Green Quasars and the Diversity of AGN Intrinsic IR Emission
• Preserving chemical signatures of primordial star formation in the first low-mass stars
• Obscured star-formation in bright z ~ 7 Lyman-break galaxies
• Mid-Infrared Determination of Total Infrared Luminosity and Star Formation Rates of Local and High-Redshift Galaxies
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey X. Ly$\alpha$ Equivalent Widths at $2.9<z<6.6$
• HerMES: A search for high-redshift dusty galaxies in the HerMES Large Mode Survey - Catalogue, number counts and early results
• Polar Dust, Nuclear Obscuration and IR SED Diversity in Type-1 AGNs
• The most distant, luminous, dusty star-forming galaxies: redshifts from NOEMA and ALMA spectral scans
• Physical properties of z>4 submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field
• The Intrinsic Far-infrared Continua of Type-1 Quasars
• A Population of z>2 Far-Infrared Herschel-SPIRE selected Starbursts
• The Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey: Herschel Image Atlas and Aperture Photometry
• The host galaxies and black-hole:galaxy mass ratios of luminous quasars at z~4
• The metal and dust yields of the first massive stars
• Near-Infrared Imaging of a z=6.42 Quasar Host Galaxy With the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3
• The Link Between SCUBA and Spitzer: Cold Galaxies at z<1
• The Lyman break analogue Haro 11: spatially resolved chemodynamics with VLT FLAMES
• The Contribution of Host Galaxies to the Infrared Energy Output of $z\gtrsim 5.0$ QUASARS
• The Chemical Imprint of Silicate Dust on the Most Metal-Poor Stars
• A Long Look At MCG-5-23-16 With NuSTAR: I- Relativistic Reflection And Coronal Properties
• The dust content of the most metal-poor star-forming galaxies
• Far-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of Embedded Protostars and Dusty Galaxies: I. Theory for Spherical Sources
• Star formation histories, extinction, and dust properties of strongly lensed z~1.5-3 star-forming galaxies from the Herschel Lensing Survey
• SHARC-II 350 micron Observations of Thermal Emission from Warm Dust in z>=5 Quasars
• Kinematics of Haro11 - the miniature Antennae
• Formulation of Non-steady-state Dust Formation Process in Astrophysical Environments
• Stellar masses and star formation rates of lensed dusty star-forming galaxies from the SPT survey
• On the alumina dust production in the winds of O-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars
• SPT0346-52: Negligible AGN Activity in a Compact, Hyper-starburst Galaxy at z = 5.7
• HerMES: Spectral Energy Distributions of Submillimeter Galaxies at z >4
• VLT/X-shooter observations of blue compact galaxies Haro 11 and ESO 338-IG 004
• A Herschel Study of 24 micron-Selected AGNs and Their Host Galaxies
• Dust in the first galaxies
• Host Galaxies of z=4 Quasars
• Identification of z~>2 Herschel 500 micron sources using color-deconfusion
• Inside-out growth or inside-out quenching? clues from colour gradients of local galaxies
• Contribution of the first galaxies to the cosmic far-infrared/sub-millimeter background - I. Mean background level

Cited by in corpus (25)

• ALMA uncovers the [CII] emission and warm dust continuum in a z = 8.31 Lyman break galaxy
• Deep into the structure of the first galaxies: SERRA views
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Obscured Star Formation Rate Density and Main Sequence of star-forming galaxies at z>4
• AGN Selection and Demographics: A New Age with JWST/MIRI
• Physical Characterization of an Unlensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at $z=5.85$
• AGN Selection and Demographics in GOODS-S/HUDF from X-ray to Radio
• Significant Dust-Obscured Star Formation in Luminous Lyman-break Galaxies at $z$$\sim$$7$$-$$8$
• ALMA Confirmation of an Obscured Hyperluminous Radio-Loud AGN at $z=6.853$ Associated with a Dusty Starburst in the 1.5 deg${}^2$ COSMOS Field
• Far-Infrared Properties of the Bright, Gravitationally Lensed Quasar J0439+1634 at z=6.5
• Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution and Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei: Clues to the Structure of Circumnuclear Material
• No Redshift Evolution of Dust Temperatures from $0<z<2$
• The early Universe was dust-rich and extremely hot
• Completing the Census of AGN in GOODS-S/HUDF: New Ultra-Deep Radio Imaging and Predictions for JWST
• Radio and Far-IR Emission Associated with a Massive Star-forming Galaxy Candidate at z$\simeq$6.8: A Radio-Loud AGN in the Reionization Era?
• No [CII] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at z${}_{\mathrm{spec}}$ > 7
• Dependence of the IRX-$\beta$ dust attenuation relation on metallicity and environment
• IR SED and Dust Masses of Sub-solar Metallicity Galaxies at z~2.3
• Significant Molecular Gas Deficiencies in Star-forming Cluster Galaxies at $z\sim 1.4$
• Resolving the Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources in the Ly$\alpha$ Emitting Galaxy Haro 11
• Probing the Nature of the First Galaxies with JWST and ALMA
• What is the nature of Little Red Dots and what is not, MIRI SMILES edition
• Redshift Horizon for Detecting the First Galaxies in Far-Infared Surveys
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The infrared-radio correlation and AGN fraction of star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 4.4-5.9
• The fragmentation of molecular clouds in starburst environments
• Near-IR Spectroscopic Studies of Galaxies at z~1-3