Measuring anisotropic spin relaxation in graphene

Abstract

We compare different methods to measure the anisotropy of the spin-lifetime in graphene. In addition to out-of-plane rotation of the ferromagnetic electrodes and oblique spin precession, we present a Hanle experiment where the electron spins precess around either a magnetic field perpendicular to the graphene plane or around an in-plane field. In the latter case, electrons are subject to both in-plane and out-of-plane spin relaxation. To fit the data, we use a numerical simulation that can calculate precession with anisotropies in the spin-lifetimes under magnetic fields in any direction. Our data show a small, but distinct anisotropy that can be explained by the combined action of isotropic mechanisms, such as relaxation by the contacts and resonant scattering by magnetic impurities, and an anisotropic Rashba spin-orbit based mechanism. We also assess potential sources of error in all three types of experiment and conclude that the in-plane/out-of-plane Hanle method is most reliable.

9 pages, 14 figure + Supplemental Material, revised version accepted for publication by Physical Review B

References in corpus (13)

• Graphene Spintronics
• Spin-orbit coupling in curved graphene, fullerenes, nanotubes, and nanotube caps
• Strongly anisotropic spin relaxation in graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures at room temperature
• Large Proximity-Induced Spin Lifetime Anisotropy in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Graphene Heterostructures
• Controlling spin relaxation in hexagonal BN-encapsulated graphene with a transverse electric field
• Nanosecond spin lifetimes in single- and few-layer graphene-hBN heterostructures at room temperature
• Gate-tunable black phosphorus spin valve with nanosecond spin lifetimes
• Determination of the spin-lifetime anisotropy in graphene using oblique spin precession
• Contact induced spin relaxation in Hanle spin precession measurements
• Nanosecond spin relaxation times in single layer graphene spin valves with hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers
• Spin precession in anisotropic media
• Suppression of contact-induced spin dephasing in graphene/MgO/Co spin-valve devices by successive oxygen treatments
• Effect of in-situ deposition of Mg adatoms on spin relaxation in graphene

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• Observation of spin-valley coupling induced large spin lifetime anisotropy in bilayer graphene
• Heterostructures of graphene and hBN: electronic, spin-orbit, and spin relaxation properties from first principles
• Spin-Orbit Interaction Induced in Graphene by Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
• Twist Angle Controlled Collinear Edelstein Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Graphene on two-dimensional hexagonal BN, AlN, and GaN: Electronic, spin-orbit, and spin relaxation properties
• Absence of a giant spin Hall effect in plasma-hydrogenated graphene
• Transport measurements on van der Waals heterostructures under pressure
• Spin field-effect transistor action via tunable polarization of the spin injection in a Co/MgO/graphene contact
• Unambiguous Electrical Detection of Spin-Charge Conversion in Lateral Spin-Valves
• Intrinsic and extrinsic spin-orbit coupling and spin relaxation in monolayer PtSe${}_2$
• Robust Spin Interconnect with Isotropic Spin Dynamics in Chemical Vapour Deposited Graphene Layers and Boundaries
• Ultralong 100 ns Spin Relaxation Time in Graphite at Room Temperature
• Electric fields and substrates dramatically accelerate spin relaxation in graphene
• Charge-spin conversion signal in WTe2 van der Waals hybrid devices with a geometrical design
• Probing magnetism via spin dynamics in graphene/2D-ferromagnet heterostructures
• Theory of spin-charge-coupled transport in proximitized graphene: An SO(5) algebraic approach
• Charge-induced artifacts in non-local spin transport measurements: How to prevent spurious voltage signals
• Upper limit of spin relaxation in suspended graphene
• Room-temperature spin-lifetime anisotropy exceeding 60 in bilayer graphene spin valves proximity coupled to WSe${}_2$
• Boosting proximity spin orbit coupling in graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures via hydrostatic pressure
• Unprecedented Spin-Lifetime of Itinerant Electrons in Natural Graphite Crystals