Mechanics of freely-suspended ultrathin layered materials

Abstract

The study of atomically thin two-dimensional materials is a young and rapidly growing field. In the past years, a great advance in the study of the remarkable electrical and optical properties of 2D materials fabricated by exfoliation of bulk layered materials has been achieved. Due to the extraordinary mechanical properties of these atomically thin materials, they also hold a great promise for future applications such as flexible electronics. For example, this family of materials can sustain very large deformations without breaking. Due to the combination of small dimensions, high Young's modulus and high crystallinity of 2D materials, they have attracted the attention of the field of nanomechanical systems as high frequency and high quality factor resonators. In this article, we review experiments on static and dynamic response of 2D materials. We provide an overview and comparison of the mechanics of different materials, and highlight the unique properties of these thin crystalline layers. We conclude with an outlook of the mechanics of 2D materials and future research directions such as the coupling of the mechanical deformation to their electronic structure.

Review article. 11 figures, 2 tables

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• Revisiting the buckling metrology method to determine the Young's modulus of 2D materials
• InSe: a two-dimensional semiconductor with superior flexibility
• Dynamics of 2D Material Membranes
• Indentation metrology of clamped, ultra-thin elastic sheets
• Environmental Effects in Mechanical Properties of Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Microheater actuators as a versatile platform for strain engineering in 2D materials
• Tunable exciton-optomechanical coupling in suspended monolayer MoSe2
• An automated system for strain engineering and straintronics of 2D materials
• Strong Modulation of Optical Properties in Rippled 2D GaSe via Strain Engineering
• Non-invasive Scanning Raman Spectroscopy and Tomography for Graphene Membrane Characterization
• Rigid-layer Raman-active modes in $N$-layer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: interlayer force constants and hyperspectral Raman imaging
• Deep subwavelength thermal switch via resonant coupling in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride
• Graphene nanodrums as valleytronic devices
• Shear-Strain Controlled High-Harmonic Generation in Graphene
• Nano-optical investigation of grain boundaries, strain and edges in CVD grown MoS${}_2$ monolayers
• Indentation of solid membranes on rigid substrates with Van-der-Waals attraction
• Stress-Tuned Optical Transitions in Layered 1T-MX2 (M= Hf, Zr, Sn; X= S, Se) Crystals
• Single pixel wide gamut dynamic color modulation based on graphene micromechanical system
• Piezo-optic effect of high-harmonic generation in semiconductors
• Electrically-tunable graphene nanomechanical resonators
• Electromechanical memcapacitive neurons for energy-efficient spiking neural networks
• Nanoelectromechanical resonators from high-T${}_c$ superconducting crystals of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$Ca${}_1$Cu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Elastic properties of few unit cell thick superconducting crystals of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Group theoretical and ab-initio description of color center candidates in fluorographene
• Reversible tuning the optical properties of defective TMDs monolayers
• Many-body effects in suspended graphene probed through magneto-phonon resonances
• 2D electrons floating on a suspended atomically thin dielectric