Graphene mechanical oscillators with tunable frequency

Abstract

Oscillators, which produce continuous periodic signals from direct current power, are central to modern communications systems, with versatile applications such as timing references and frequency modulators. However, conventional oscillators typically consist of macroscopic mechanical resonators such as quartz crystals, which require excessive off-chip space. Here we report oscillators built on micron-size, atomically-thin graphene nanomechanical resonators, whose frequencies can be electrostatically tuned by as much as 14\%. The self-sustaining mechanical motion of the oscillators is generated and transduced at room temperature by simple electrical circuitry. The prototype graphene voltage controlled oscillators exhibit frequency stability and modulation bandwidth sufficient for modulation of radio-frequency carrier signals. As a demonstration, we employ a graphene oscillator as the active element for frequency modulated signal generation, and achieve efficient audio signal transmission.

18 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (55)

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• Experimental realization of on-chip topological nanoelectromechanical metamaterials
• Coupling graphene mechanical resonators to superconducting microwave cavities
• Nanomechanical Resonators: Toward Atomic Scale
• Mechanics of freely-suspended ultrathin layered materials
• Nanoelectromechanical Sensors based on Suspended 2D Materials
• Force sensitivity of multilayer graphene optomechanical devices
• Young's modulus of 2D materials extracted from their nonlinear dynamic response
• Nonlinear nano-electromechanical lattices for high-frequency, tunable stress propagation
• Magnetic and electronic phase transitions probed by nanomechanical resonance
• Dynamics of 2D Material Membranes
• Strong indirect coupling between graphene-based mechanical resonators via a phonon cavity
• Optomechanical cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with frequency modulation
• Detecting Ultrasound Vibrations by Graphene Resonators
• Self-sustained micromechanical oscillator with linear feedback
• Tunable graphene phononic crystal
• Ultrawide Frequency Tuning of Atomic Layer van der Waals Heterostructure Electromechanical Resonators
• Negative nonlinear damping of a graphene mechanical resonator
• Time-domain response of atomically thin $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_2$ nanomechanical resonators
• Selective high frequency mechanical actuation driven by the VO2 electronic instability
• Tunable exciton-optomechanical coupling in suspended monolayer MoSe2
• Strain-dependent damping in nanomechanical resonators from thin $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_2$ crystals
• Vibrational modes of ultrathin carbon nanomembrane mechanical resonators
• Tunable strong coupling of mechanical resonance between spatially separated FePS${}_3$ nanodrums
• Sliding nanomechanical resonators
• Direct and parametric synchronization of a graphene self-oscillator
• Modal analysis of graphene-based structures for large deformations, contact and material nonlinearities
• Very large scale characterization of graphene mechanical devices using a colorimetry technique
• Suspended graphene variable capacitor
• Fabrication of comb-drive actuators for straining nanostructured suspended graphene
• Graphene nanodrums as valleytronic devices
• Low-power photothermal self-oscillation of bimetallic nanowires
• Dark Matter Induced Brownian Motion
• Mass measurement of graphene using quartz crystal microbalances
• Negative cavity photon spectral function in an optomechanical system with two parametrically-driven mechanical modes
• Tuning of temperature dependence of resonance frequency shift of atomically thin mechanical resonators with van der Waals heterojunction
• Buckled Diamond-like Carbon Nanomechanical Resonators
• Tailoring 10 nm Scale Suspended Graphene Junctions and Quantum Dots
• Graphene nanoelectromechanical resonators for detection of modulated terahertz radiation
• Particle number scaling for diffusion-induced dissipation in graphene and carbon nanotube nanomechanical resonators
• Nonresonant high frequency excitation of mechanical vibrations in graphene based nanoresonator
• Fabry-Perot Interferometric Calibration of 2D Nanomechanical Plate Resonators
• Cooling and entanglement of multimode graphene resonators via vacuum fluctuations
• Electrically-tunable graphene nanomechanical resonators
• Dry transfer method for suspended graphene on lift-off-resist: simple ballistic devices with Fabry-Pérot interference
• Mechanical mode imaging of a high-Q hybrid hBN/Si${}_3$N${}_4$ resonator
• Size Effects on Mechanical Properties of Micro/Nano Structures
• Parallel measurements of vibrational modes in a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator using software-defined radio dongles
• Control of resonant frequency by currents in graphene: Effect of Dirac field on deflection
• Swept-Frequency Drumhead Mechanical Resonators
• Tunable coupling of two mechanical resonators by a graphene membrane
• Tunable parametric amplification of a graphene nanomechanical resonator in the nonlinear regime
• Nanomechanical probing and strain tuning of the Curie temperature in suspended Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ heterostructures
• Graphene Josephson Junctions for Engineering Motional Quanta