Force sensitivity of multilayer graphene optomechanical devices

Abstract

Mechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are promising for force and mass sensing experiments. The force sensitivity in these ultra-light resonators is often limited by the imprecision in the measurement of the vibrations, the fluctuations of the mechanical resonant frequency, and the heating induced by the measurement. Here, we strongly couple multilayer graphene resonators to superconducting cavities in order to achieve a displacement sensitivity of $1.3$ fm Hz${}^{-1/2}$. This coupling also allows us to damp the resonator to an average phonon occupation of $7.2$. Our best force sensitivity, $390$ zN Hz${}^{-1/2}$ with a bandwidth of $200$ Hz, is achieved by balancing measurement imprecision, optomechanical damping, and heating. Our results hold promise for studying the quantum capacitance of graphene, its magnetization, and the electron and nuclear spins of molecules adsorbed on its surface.

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Cited by in corpus (52)

• Nanomechanical Resonators: Toward Atomic Scale
• Quantum-Coherent Nanoscience
• Mesoscopic physics of nanomechanical systems
• Force sensing with an optically levitated charged nanoparticle
• High quality factor graphene-based 2D heterostructure mechanical resonator
• Dynamics of 2D Material Membranes
• Ultrasensitive Displacement Noise Measurement of Carbon Nanotube Mechanical Resonators
• Ultrasensitive nano-optomechanical force sensor at dilution temperatures
• Hybrid systems for the generation of non-classical mechanical states via quadratic interactions
• Theory of Quantum Acoustomagnonics and Acoustomechanics with a Micromagnet
• Quantum Acoustomechanics with a Micromagnet
• Dimensional crossover of acoustic phonon lifetime in $2H$-MoSe${}_2$
• Giant Tunable Mechanical Nonlinearity in Graphene-Silicon Nitride Hybrid Resonator
• Nanoladder cantilevers made from diamond and silicon
• Motion transduction with thermo-mechanically squeezed graphene resonator modes
• Dynamically-enhanced strain in atomically thin resonators
• Electrostatically induced phononic crystal
• Quantum optomechanics of a two-dimensional atomic array
• Spatial modulation of nonlinear flexural vibrations of membrane resonators
• Design of an optomagnonic crystal: towards optimal magnon-photon mode matching at the microscale
• Coupling graphene nanomechanical motion to a single-electron transistor
• Spin detection via parametric frequency conversion in a membrane resonator
• Spin-Orbit Coupling Induced Back-action Cooling in Cavity-Optomechanics with a Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Towards a quantum interface between spin waves and paramagnetic spin baths
• Quantum nondemolition measurement of mechanical motion quanta
• Spatially Resolved Optical Excitation of Mechanical Modes in Graphene NEMS
• Thermal noise cancellation for optomechanically induced nonreciprocity in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator
• Optomechanical devices based on traveling-wave microresonators
• Interrelation of elasticity and thermal bath in nanotube cantilevers
• Tuning dissipation dilution in 2D material resonators by MEMS-induced tension
• Mechanical frequency control in inductively coupled electromechanical systems
• Misfit strain-induced energy dissipation for graphene/MoS2 heterostructure nanomechanical resonators
• Force-detected Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Influenza Viruses in the Overcoupled Sensor Regime
• Fabry-Perot Interferometric Calibration of 2D Nanomechanical Plate Resonators
• On-Chip Optical Transduction Scheme for Graphene Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems in Silicon-Photonic Platform
• Quantum manipulation of a two-level mechanical system
• Dry transfer method for suspended graphene on lift-off-resist: simple ballistic devices with Fabry-Pérot interference
• Electrically-tunable graphene nanomechanical resonators
• Current experimental upper bounds on spacetime diffusion
• Photonic Spin Hall Effect using bilayer Graphene in Nano Optomechanical Cavities
• Radiation pressure backaction on a hexagonal boron nitride nanomechanical resonator
• A Novel Architecture for room temperature microwave optomechanical experiments
• Design, fabrication and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications
• Elastic properties of few unit cell thick superconducting crystals of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Highly sensitive temperature sensing via quadratic optomechanical coupling
• Eigenmodes and resonance vibrations of 2D nanomembranes -- Graphene and hexagonal boron-nitride
• Sideband ground-state cooling of graphene with Rydberg atoms via vacuum forces
• Two-dimensional optomechanics formed by the graphene sheet and photonic crystal cavity
• Photothermal responsivity of van der Waals material-based nanomechanical resonators
• Observation of tunable discrete time crystalline phases
• Switching off energy decay channels in nanomechanical resonators
• Tunable parametric amplification of a graphene nanomechanical resonator in the nonlinear regime