Nonlinear valley and spin currents from Fermi pocket anisotropy in 2D crystals

Abstract

Controlled flow of spin and valley pseudospin is key to future electronics exploiting these internal degrees of freedom of carriers. Here we discover a universal possibility for generating spin and valley currents by electric bias or temperature gradient only, which arises from the anisotropy of Fermi pockets in crystalline solids. We find spin and valley currents to the second order in the electric field, as well as their thermoelectric counterparts, i.e. the nonlinear spin and valley Seebeck effects. These second-order nonlinear responses allow two unprecedented possibilities to generate pure spin and valley flows without net charge current: (i) by an AC bias; or (ii) by an arbitrary inhomogeneous temperature distribution. As examples, we predict appreciable nonlinear spin and valley currents in two-dimensional (2D) crystals including graphene, monolayer and trilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, and monolayer gallium selenide. Our finding points to a new route towards electrical and thermal generations of spin and valley currents for spintronic and valleytronic applications based on 2D quantum materials.

References in corpus (33)

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• Van der Waals heterostructures
• Black phosphorus field-effect transistors
• Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides
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• Mobility engineering and metal-insulator transition in monolayer MoS2
• Electrically Tunable Excitonic Light Emitting Diodes based on Monolayer WSe2 p-n Junctions
• Valley filter and valley valve in graphene
• Optoelectronics with electrically tunable PN diodes in a monolayer dichalcogenide
• Optical Generation of Excitonic Valley Coherence in Monolayer WSe2
• Solar-energy conversion and light emission in an atomic monolayer p-n diode
• First-principles study of the phonon-limited mobility in n-type single-layer MoS2
• Valley Dependent Optoelectronics from Inversion Symmetry Breaking
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• Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect
• Monolayer MoS2: trigonal warping, "Γ-valley", and spin-orbit coupling effects
• Magnetoelectric effects and valley controlled spin quantum gates in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Generation and Electric Control of Spin-Coupled Valley Current in WSe2
• Giant Nonlocality near the Dirac Point in Graphene
• Field-induced polarisation of Dirac valleys in bismuth
• Generation of pure bulk valley current in graphene
• Band Structure and Optical Transitions in Atomic Layers of Hexagonal Gallium Chalcogenides
• First Principles Analysis of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Graphene
• Quantized conductance in an AlAs 2D electron system quantum point contact
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Cited by in corpus (41)

• k.p theory for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
• Electronic structures and theoretical modelling of two-dimensional group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides
• Valley excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors
• Valley Polarization by Spin Injection in a Light-Emitting van der Waals Heterojunction
• Optical response of monolayer, few-layer and bulk tungsten disulfide
• Topological currents in black phosphorus with broken inversion symmetry
• Nonlinear spin current generation in noncentrosymmetric spin-orbit coupled systems
• All-Optical Materials Design of Chiral Edge Modes in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
• Tunable large Berry dipole in strained twisted bilayer graphene
• Pure Bulk Orbital and Spin Photocurrent in Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric Materials
• Nonlinear spin Hall effect in $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric collinear magnets
• Dispersive Landau levels and valley currents in strained graphene nanoribbons
• Valley Acoustoelectric Effect
• Current-induced second harmonic generation in inversion-symmetric Dirac and Weyl semimetals
• Optical generation and detection of pure valley current in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Nonreciprocal spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnets
• Valley and spin pump by scattering at non-magnetic disorders
• Discrete solitons in graphene metamaterials
• Valley filtering effect of phonons in graphene with a grain boundary
• Strain-induced nonlinear spin Hall effect in topological Dirac semimetal
• Second harmonic spectroscopy to optically detect valley polarization in 2D materials
• Uniaxial stress controlled anisotropic Rashba effects and carriers-based currents in BiTeI monolayer semiconductor
• Spin supercurrent in two-dimensional superconductors with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
• Role of Berry curvature in the generation of spin currents in Rashba systems
• The effect of valley, spin and band nesting on the electronic properties of gated quantum dots in a single layer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)
• Cyclotron resonance of the magnetic ratchet effect and second harmonic generation in bilayer graphene
• Theory of Nonlinear Response for Charge and Spin Currents
• Reverse strain-induced snake states in graphene nanoribbons
• Circular photogalvanic effect in 2D van der Waals heterostructure
• Valley-selective Klein tunneling through superlattice barrier in graphene
• Spin supercurrent in superconductor/ferromagnet van-der-Waals heterostructures
• Valley polarization and valleyresistance in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides superlattice
• Valley-resolved Fano resonance in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides nanoribbons with attached stubs
• Layer Coherence Origin of Planar Hall Effect: from Charge to Multipole and Valley
• Theory of Nonlocal Transport from Nonlinear Valley Responses
• Ultrafast all-optical generation of pure spin and valley currents
• Symmetry-driven Intrinsic Nonlinear Pure Spin Hall Effect
• Nonlinear Valley and Spin Valves in Bilayer Graphene
• Spin Currents in Rashba Altermagnets: From Equilibrium to Nonlinear Regimes
• Intrinsic nonlinear valley Nernst effect
• Scalable multicomponent spectral analysis for high-throughput data annotation