All-Optical Materials Design of Chiral Edge Modes in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Abstract

Manipulating materials properties far from equilibrium recently garnered significant attention, with experimental emphasis on transient melting, enhancement, or induction of electronic order. A more tantalizing aspect of the matter-light interaction regards the possibility to access dynamical steady states with distinct non-equilibrium phase transitions to affect electronic transport. Here, we show that the interplay of crystal symmetry and optical pumping of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provides a novel avenue to engineer topologically-protected chiral edge modes. In stark contrast to graphene and previously-discussed toy models, the underlying generic mechanism relies on the intrinsic three-band nature of TMDCs near the band edges. Photo-induced band inversions scale linearly in applied pump field and exhibit a transition from one to two chiral edge modes upon sweeping from red to blue detuning. We develop a strategy to understand non-equilibrium Floquet-Bloch bands and topological transitions directly from ab initio calculations, and illustrate for the example of WS${}_2$ that control of chiral edge modes can be dictated solely from symmetry principles and is not qualitatively sensitive to microscopic materials details.

17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

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• Chiral Nonlinear Polaritonics with van der Waals Metasurfaces
• Predicted novel type of photoinduced topological phase transition accompanied by collision and collapse of Dirac-cone pair in organic salt $\alpha$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$I${}_3$
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• Resonant laser excitation and time-domain imaging of chiral topological polariton edge states
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