The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey VIII. Multiplicity properties of the O-type star population

Abstract

Aims. We analyze the multiplicity properties of the massive O-type star population. With 360 O-type stars, this is the largest homogeneous sample of massive stars analyzed to date. Methods. We use multi-epoch spectroscopy and variability analysis to identify spectroscopic binaries. We also use a Monte-Carlo method to correct for observational biases. Results. We observe a spectroscopic binary fraction of 0.35\pm0.03, which corresponds to the fraction of objects displaying statistically significant radial velocity variations with an amplitude of at least 20km/s. We compute the intrinsic binary fraction to be 0.51\pm0.04. We adopt power-laws to describe the intrinsic period and mass-ratio distributions: f_P ~ (log P)^π (with 0.15 < log P < 3.5) and f_q ~ q^κ with 0.1 < q=M_2/M_1 < 1.0. The power-law indexes that best reproduce the observed quantities are π= -0.45 +/- 0.30 and κ= -1.0\pm0.4. The obtained period distribution thus favours shorter period systems compared to an Oepik law. The mass ratio distribution is slightly skewed towards low mass ratio systems but remains incompatible with a random sampling of a classical mass function. The binary fraction seems mostly uniform across the field of view and independent of the spectral types and luminosity classes. The binary fraction in the outer region of the field of view (r > 7.8', i.e. approx117 pc) and among the O9.7 I/II objects are however significantly lower than expected from statistical fluctuations. Conclusions. Using simple evolutionary considerations, we estimate that over 50% of the current O star population in 30 Dor will exchange mass with its companion within a binary system. This shows that binary interaction is greatly affecting the evolution and fate of massive stars, and must be taken into account to correctly interpret unresolved populations of massive stars.

Accepted for publication in A&A. 23 pages, 20 figures

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• Probing the low-mass end of the companion mass function for O-type stars
• Exploring the nature of ultra-luminous X-ray sources across stellar population ages using detailed binary evolution calculations
• Binary Natal Kicks in the Galactic Center: X-ray Binaries, Hypervelocity Stars, and Gravitational Waves
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity of early B-type supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Analytic approximations for massive close post-mass transfer binary systems
• V745\,Cassiopeia: an interacting young massive binary in a multiple star system
• Ups!... I did it again: unveiling the hidden companion in Upsilon Sagittarii, a unique binary system at a second mass transfer stage
• An interferometric study of B star multiplicity
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XXXII. Low-luminosity late O-type stars -- classification, main physical parameters, and silicon abundances
• Numerical Tests of Rotational Mixing in Massive Stars with the new Population Synthesis Code BONNFIRES
• Broad Balmer Wings in BA Hyper/Supergiants Distorted by Diffuse Interstellar Bands: Five Examples in the 30 Doradus Region from the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey
• The spectroscopic binary fraction of the young stellar cluster M17
• Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
• Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry:Conservative and Nonconservative Mass Transfer in OB Interacting Binaries
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive Stars at Low Metallicity: XI. Pipeline-determined Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud OB Stars
• Making BEASTies: dynamical formation of planetary systems around massive stars
• Smoke on the wind: dust nucleation in archetype colliding wind pinwheel WR104
• The onset of stellar multiplicity in massive star formation: A search for low-mass companions of massive young stellar objects with $L^{\prime }$-band adaptive optics imaging
• Formation of Wind-Fed Black Hole High-mass X-ray Binaries: The Role of Roche-lobe-Overflow Post Black-Hole Formation
• A Be Star + He Star Binary as an Indicator of a Binary Mass Transfer Phase
• A clustered origin for isolated massive stars
• A Speckle-Imaging Search for Close and Very Faint Companions to the Nearest and Brightest Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Finding binaries from phase modulation of pulsating stars with \textit{Kepler}: VI. Orbits for 10 new binaries with mischaracterised primaries
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: massive stars at low metallicity: XII. The clumped winds of O-type (super)giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• HST/COS Spectra of the Wind Lines of VFTS 102 and 285
• Distance and age of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1. II. The eclipsing binary W36
• A new massive double-lined spectroscopic binary system: The Wolf-Rayet star WR 68a
• Massive stars, successes and challenges
• Enlarging habitable zones around binary stars in hostile environments
• Escape of cosmic rays from perpendicular shocks in the circumstellar magnetic field
• A possible formation scenario of the Gaia ID 3425577610762832384: inner binary merger inside a triple common envelope
• The binary fraction of Blue Horizontal-Branch (BHB) Stars
• The IACOB project XV. Updated calibrations of fundamental parameters of Galactic O-type stars
• Are the O stars in WR+O binaries exceptionally rapid rotators?
• The drastic impact of Eddington-limit induced mass ejections on massive star populations
• Spatial differences between stars and brown dwarfs: a dynamical origin?
• Does slow and steady win the race? Investigating feedback processes in giant molecular clouds
• The structure and evolution of a high-mass stellar merger in the Hertzsprung gap
• Binary Formation in a 100 $\mu$m-dark Massive Core
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Bayesian inference of natal kicks from inert black hole binaries
• A High Angular Resolution Survey of Massive Stars in Cygnus OB2: $JHK$ Adaptive Optics Results from the Gemini Near-InfraRed Imager
• Studying Binary Systems in Omega Centauri with MUSE. I. Detection of Spectroscopic Binaries
• Rotational synchronisation of B-type binaries in 30 Doradus
• Carbon from massive binary-stripped stars over cosmic time: effect of metallicity
• Galactic chimney sweeping: the effect of 'gradual' stellar feedback mechanisms on the evolution of dwarf galaxies
• The puzzling properties of the magnetic O star Tr16-22
• MoBiDICT: new 3D static models of close, synchronized binaries in hydrostatic equilibrium
• Radial velocities from far red spectra of Carina Arm O and early B stars
• The effects of supernovae on the dynamical evolution of binary stars and star clusters
• The Relative Calibration of Radial Velocity for LAMOST Medium Resolution Stellar Spectra
• The observed multiplicity properties of B-type stars in the Galactic young open cluster NGC 6231
• Stellar evolution through the Red Supergiant phase
• The VLT-Flames Tarantula Survey: an overview of the VFTS results so far
• Detailed evolutionary models of massive contact binaries: I. Model grids and synthetic populations for the Magellanic Clouds
• The Binary Fraction of B-type Runaway Stars from LAMOST DR8
• A stringent upper limit on Be star fractions produced by binary interaction
• Large-scale variability in macroturbulence driven by pulsations in the rapidly rotating massive star Zeta Oph from high-cadence ESPRESSO spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• Sapaki: Galactic O3If* star possibly born in isolation
• Coupling of Dual Mass-Transferring White-Dwarf Binaries as a Variable Gravitational-Wave Emitter
• The influence of rotation and metallicity on the explodability of massive stars
• A new sample of massive B-type contact binary candidates from the OGLE survey of the Magellanic Clouds
• The X-ray binaries in M83: will any of them form gravitational wave sources for LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA?
• A Low Metallicity Massive Contact Binary Star System Candidate in WLM identified by Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope imaging
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• Classical Be Stars and Classical Be Star Binaries from LAMOST DR12
• Determining stellar properties of massive stars in NGC346 in the SMC with a Bayesian statistic technique
• Modelling binary rotating stars by new population synthesis code BONNFIRES
• Zeta-Payne: a fully automated spectrum analysis algorithm for the Milky Way Mapper program of the SDSS-V survey
• Non-parametric identification of single-lined binary candidates in young clusters using single-epoch spectroscopy
• Spectroscopic Line Modeling of the Fastest Rotating O-type Stars
• New mass estimates for massive binary systems: a probabilistic approach using polarimetric radiative transfer
• Contribution of binary stars to the velocity dispersion inside OB associations with Gaia DR2 data
• The Tarantula massive binary monitoring VII. The nature of the eccentric O+BH binary candidate VFTS 812
• A magnetic field detection in the massive O-type bright giant 63 Oph
• A Synthetic Population of Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources: Optical-X-ray Correlation
• The Properties of Fast Yellow Pulsating Supergiants: FYPS Point the Way to Missing Red Supergiants
• A method for statistical research on binary stars using radial velocities
• The symphony of pulsations and binarity among massive stars using HERMES spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• Quantifying Systematic Age Discrepancies in Very Young Star Clusters