The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey: XXXI. Radial velocities and multiplicity constraints of red supergiant stars in 30 Doradus

Abstract

The incidence of multiplicity in cool, luminous massive stars is relatively unknown compared to their hotter counterparts. Here we present radial velocity (RV) measurements and investigate the multiplicity properties of red supergiants (RSGs) in the 30~Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We provide absolute RV measurements for our sample and estimate line-of-sight velocities for the Hodge 301 and SL 639 clusters, which agree well with those of hot stars in the same clusters. By combining results for the RSGs with those for nearby B-type stars, we estimate systemic velocities and velocity dispersions for the two clusters, obtaining estimates for their dynamical masses of $\log (M_{\mathrm{dyn}}/M_{\odot })=$3.8$\pm$0.3 for Hodge 301, and an upper limit of $\log (M_{\mathrm{dyn}}/M_{\odot })$<3.1$\pm$0.8 for SL 639, assuming Virial equilibrium. Analysis of the multi-epoch data reveals one RV-variable, potential binary candidate (VFTS744), which is likely a semi-regular variable asymptotic giant branch star. We estimate an upper limit on the observed binary fraction for our sample of 0.3, where we are sensitive to maximum periods for individual objects in the range of 1 to 10 000 days and mass-ratios above 0.3 depending on the data quality. From simulations of the RV measurements from binary systems given the current data we conclude that systems within the parameter range q>0.3, $\log$P[days]<3.5, would be detected by our variability criteria, at the 90% confidence level. The intrinsic binary fraction, accounting for observational biases, is estimated using simulations of binary systems with an empirically defined distribution of parameters where orbital periods are uniformly distributed in the 3.3<$\log$P[days]<4.3 range. A range of intrinsic binary fractions are considered; a binary fraction of 0.3 is found to best reproduce the observed data. [Abridged]

arXiv commentaccepted in A&A

References in corpus (47)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and general properties
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• Stellar Multiplicity
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae
• Mind your Ps and Qs: the Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars
• Rotating Massive Main-Sequence Stars I: Grids of Evolutionary Models and Isochrones
• Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution: Observational Campaign and Companion Detection
• The rotation rates of massive stars: the role of binary interaction through tides, mass transfer and mergers
• The High Angular Resolution Multiplicity of Massive Stars
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey VIII. Multiplicity properties of the O-type star population
• The effect of massive binaries on stellar populations and supernova progenitors
• Type Ib/c supernovae in binary systems I. Evolution and properties of the progenitor stars
• A spectroscopic survey on the multiplicity of high-mass stars
• The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey I: Introduction and observational overview
• Formation of contact in massive close binaries
• Toward Complete Statistics of Massive Binary Stars: Penultimate Results from the Cygnus OB2 Radial Velocity Survey
• Runaway stars as progenitors of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts
• Variability in red supergiant stars: pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise
• Spectral models for binary products: Unifying Subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars as a sequence of stripped-envelope stars
• Delay-time distribution of core-collapse supernovae with late events resulting from binary interaction
• The Evolution of Massive Stars. I. Red Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XXII. Multiplicity properties of the B-type stars
• The impact of companions on stellar evolution
• The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring: I. Observational campaign and OB-type spectroscopic binaries
• Dynamical ejections of massive stars from young star clusters under diverse initial conditions
• Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars
• Radiative hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars: I. interpretation of interferometric observations
• Radiative hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars: II. simulations of convection on Betelgeuse match interferometric observations
• Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY CMa based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry
• What causes the large extensions of red-supergiant atmospheres? Comparisons of interferometric observations with 1-D hydrostatic, 3-D convection, and 1-D pulsating model atmospheres
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XVIII. Classifications and radial velocities of the B-type stars
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. VII. A low velocity dispersion for the young massive cluster R136
• On the velocity dispersion of young star clusters: super-virial or binaries?
• A new survey of cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
• On the kinematics of a runaway Be star population
• The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Sco, UY Sct and KW Sgr
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XXX. Red stragglers in the clusters Hodge 301 and SL 639
• A dearth of short-period massive binaries in the young massive star forming region M17: Evidence for a large orbital separation at birth?
• The Arches cluster revisited: II. A massive eclipsing spectroscopic binary in the Arches cluster
• Chemistry and Kinematics of Red Supergiant Stars in the Young Massive Cluster NGC 2100
• Binary Red Supergiants: A New Method for Detecting B-type Companions
• Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project V. The star cluster Hodge 301: the old face of 30 Doradus
• Multi-epoch VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the supergiant V766 Cen: Image of the close companion in front of the primary
• Mass segregation in young star clusters: can it be detected from the integrated photometric properties?

Cited by in corpus (22)

• The young massive SMC cluster NGC 330 seen by MUSE II. Multiplicity properties of the massive-star population
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity I. A Source Catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XXX. Red stragglers in the clusters Hodge 301 and SL 639
• A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. I. The northern WC sequence
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): a spectroscopic VLT monitoring survey of massive stars in the SMC
• ALMA detection of CO rotational line emission in red supergiant stars of the massive young star cluster RSGC1 -- Determination of a new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants
• The Red Supergiant Binary Fraction as a Function of Metallicity in M31 and M33
• Multiplicity of the red supergiant population in the young massive cluster NGC 330
• Formation pathway for lonely stripped-envelope supernova progenitors: implications for Cassiopeia A
• A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars: II. The northern WNE sequence
• The B-type Binaries Characterisation Programme II. VFTS 291: A stripped star from a recent mass transfer phase
• High-resolution spectroscopic study of massive blue and red supergiants in Per OB1
• Multiplicity among the cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
• Properties of the Be-type stars in 30 Doradus
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants
• The Arches cluster revisited: IV. Observational constraints on the binary properties of very massive stars
• Red supergiant stars in binary systems. I. Identification and characterisation in the Small Magellanic Cloud from the UVIT ultraviolet imaging survey
• Variability of massive stars in M31 from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Mapping Progenitors of Binary Black Holes and Neutron Stars with Binary Population Synthesis
• Painting a Family Portrait of the Yellow Super- and Hypergiants in the Milky Way I. Constraining the Distances and Luminosities
• Hot Stars in the GALEX Ultraviolet Sky Surveys (GUVcat_AISxSDSS_HS) and the Binary Fraction of Hot Evolved Stars
• Revealing the elusive companion of the red giant binary 2MASSJ05215658+4359220 from UV HST and Astrosat-UVIT data