Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging
arXiv:1202.4993 · doi:10.1038/nature11253
Abstract
Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in metals or semiconductors enabling confinement and control of electromagnetic energy at subwavelength scales. Rapid progress in plasmonics has largely relied on advances in device nano-fabrication, whereas less attention has been paid to the tunable properties of plasmonic media. One such medium-graphene-is amenable to convenient tuning of its electronic and optical properties with gate voltage. Through infrared nano-imaging we explicitly show that common graphene/SiO2/Si back-gated structures support propagating surface plasmons. The wavelength of graphene plasmons is of the order of 200 nm at technologically relevant infrared frequencies, and they can propagate several times this distance. We have succeeded in altering both the amplitude and wavelength of these plasmons by gate voltage. We investigated losses in graphene using plasmon interferometry: by exploring real space profiles of plasmon standing waves formed between the tip of our nano-probe and edges of the samples. Plasmon dissipation quantified through this analysis is linked to the exotic electrodynamics of graphene. Standard plasmonic figures of merits of our tunable graphene devices surpass that of common metal-based structures.
15 pages, 3 figures
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- Magnetoplasmons of the tilted-anisotropic Dirac cone material (BEDT-TTF)I
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- Probing spin dynamics of ultra-thin van der Waals magnets via photon-magnon coupling
- Quantum plasmonic excitation in graphene and robust-to-loss propagation
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- Infrared Plasmons Propagate through a Hyperbolic Nodal Metal
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- Emergent Behavior in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
- Temporal Quantum Control with Graphene
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- Surface plasmons in doped topological insulators
- Imaging Anisotropic Waveguide Exciton Polaritons in Tin Sulfide
- Graphene plasmons and retardation: strong light-matter coupling
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- Phonon-assisted processes in the ultraviolet transient optical response of graphene
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- Kinetic inductance driven nanoscale 2D and 3D THz transmission lines
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- Phase transition in PT symmetric active plasmonic systems
- Terahertz topological plasmon polaritons for robust temperature sensing
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- Inducing exceptional points, enhancing plasmon quality and creating correlated plasmon states with modulated Floquet parametric driving
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- Plasmons in graphene on uniaxial substrates
- A bandgap phenomenon in non-periodic plasmonic waveguides
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- Unidirectional plasmonic edge modes on general two-dimensional materials
- Imaging Stacking-Dependent Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Trilayer Graphene
- Deep-Learning-Aided Extraction of Optical Constants in Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy
- Plasmonic Quantum Dots in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
- Controlling surface charge and spin density oscillations by Dirac plasmon interaction in thin topological insulators
- Strongly Absorbing Nanoscale Infrared Domains within Graphene Bubbles
- Electrically Tunable Interband Collective Excitations in Biased Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene
- Single-molecule-resolution ultrafast near-field optical microscopy via plasmon lifetime extension
- Effect of retardation on the frequency and linewidth of plasma resonances in a two-dimensional disk of electron gas
- Nonlocal optical conductivity of Fermi surface nesting materials
- Twisted bilayer graphene: low-energy physics, electronic and optical properties
- Scattering of surface plasmon-polaritons in a graphene multilayer photonic crystal with inhomogeneous doping
- Excitation of localized graphene plasmons by a metallic slit
- Graphene plasmons: impurities and nonlocal effects
- Semiclassical analysis of intraband collective excitations in a two-dimensional electron gas with Dirac spectrum
- Extreme anisotropy and gyrotropy of surface polaritons in Weyl semimetals
- Directional Generation of Graphene Plasmons by Near Field Interference
- Plasmon coupling in extended structures: Graphene superlattice nanoribbon arrays
- First-principles study of ultrafast dynamics of Dirac plasmon in graphene
- Nonretarded edge plasmon-polaritons in anisotropic two-dimensional materials
- Theory of EELS in atomically thin metallic films
- Unconventional electromagnetic properties of the graphene quantum dots
- Quantum Nanophotonics with Energetic Particles:X-rays and Free Electrons
- Coherent strong-coupling of terahertz magnons and phonons in a Van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator
- Strong plasmon-phonon splitting and hybridization in 2D materials revealed through a self-energy approach
- Light-matter interaction of a quantum emitter near a half-space graphene nanostructure
- Plasmons in realistic graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré patterns
- Observation of surface plasmon polaritons in 2D electron gas of surface electron accumulation in InN nanostructures
- Gate-tunable infrared plasmons in electron-doped single-layer antimony
- Electrically Tunable Polarizer Based on Graphene-loaded Plasmonic Cross Antenna
- Plasmon Confinement by Carrier Density Modulation in Graphene
- Plasmon-phonon-polaritons in encapsulated phosphorene
- Undamped relativistic magnetoplasmons in lossy two-dimensional electron systems
- Exciton-plasmaritons in graphene-semiconductor structures
- Polaritonic Enhancement of Near-field Scattering of Small Molecules Encapsulated in Boron Nitride Nanotubes
- A polarizing situation: Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies
- Tunable plasmonic devices by integrating graphene with ferroelectric nanocavity
- Electromagnetic Waves Reflectance of Graphene -- Magnetic Semiconductor Superlattice in Magnetic Field
- Surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene, embedded into medium with gain and losses
- Fourier analysis of near-field patterns generated by propagating polaritons
- Probing the structure and composition of van der Waals heterostructures using the nonlocality of Dirac plasmons in the terahertz regime
- Effect of Dynamical Screening on Single Particle Spectral Features of Uniaxially Strained Graphene: Tuning the Plasmaron Ring
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- Bolometric arrays and infrared sensitivity of VO2 films with varying stoichiometry
- Insights into hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hBN using Raman scattering from encapsulated transition metal dichalcogenide layers
- Dielectric screening of surface states in a topological insulator
- Analytical expressions for the Electromagnetic Dyadic Green's Function in Graphene and thin layers
- Edge-dependent reflection and inherited fine structure of higher-order plasmons in graphene nanoribbons
- Multi-component plasmons in monolayer MoS with circularly polarized optical pumping
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- Impact of Electron-Phonon Coupling on Near-Field Optical Spectra
- Plasmonic polarization sensing of electrostatic superlattice potentials
- Light controlled THz plasmonic time varying media: momentum gaps, entangled plasmon pairs, and pulse induced time reversal
- Weakly damped acoustic plasmon mode in transition metal dichalcogenides with Zeeman splitting
- Spatially dispersive dynamical response of hot carriers in doped graphene
- Graphene Electrodynamics in the presence of the Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect
- Slow, Nanometer Light Confinement Observed in Atomically Thin TaS2
- Quick Identification of ABC Trilayer Graphene at Nanoscale Resolution via a Near-field Optical Route
- Exciton swapping in a twisted graphene bilayer as a solid-state realization of a two-brane model
- Photon-Assisted Tunneling through Molecular Conduction Junctions with Graphene Electrodes
- Anomalous thermodiffusion of electrons in graphene
- Low-loss two-dimensional plasmon modes in antimonene
- Combined effect of doping and temperature on the anisotropy of low-energy plasmons in monolayer graphene
- Ab-initio Van der Waals electrodynamics: polaritons and electron scattering from plasmons and phonons in BN-capped graphene
- Graphene plasmonics: Physics and potential applications
- Quantum Internal Structure of Plasmons
- Universal behavior of dispersive Dirac cone in gradient-index plasmonic metamaterials
- Gradient polaritonic surface with space-variant switchable light-matter interactions in 2D moire superlattices
- Van der Waals waveguide quantum electrodynamics probed by infrared nano-photoluminescence
- Tracking Quasiparticle Energies in Graphene with Near Field Optics
- Thermal radiation as a probe of one-dimensional electron liquids
- Free electron nanolaser based on the graphene plasmons
- Edge modes and Fabry-Perot Plasmonic Resonances in anomalous-Hall Thin Films
- The Future of the Correlated Electron Problem
- Misalignment between the Directions of Propagation and Decay of Nanoscale-confined Polaritons
- Collective magnetic excitations in AA- and AB-stacked graphene bilayers
- Quantitative Analytical Model for Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Spectroscopy
- Electrically tunable magnetoplasmons in a monolayer of silicene or germanene
- Observability of cyclotron resonance in the hydrodynamic regime of bilayer graphene
- Magnetodispersion of Two-Dimensional Plasmon Polaritons
- Topology in a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal
- Real-space nanoimaging of THz polaritons in the topological insulator Bi2Se3
- Semiclassical theory for plasmons in two-dimensional inhomogeneous media
- Semiclassical theory for plasmons in spatially inhomogeneous media
- Dipolar optical plasmon in thin-film Weyl semimetals
- Spin waves in doped graphene: a time-dependent spin-density-functional approach to collective excitations in paramagnetic two-dimensional Dirac fermion gases
- Artifact Free Transient Near-Field Nanoscopy
- Toward Monoatomic-Layer Field Confinement Limit via Acoustic Graphene Plasmons
- Self-consistent Description of Graphene Quantum Amplifier
- Free-electron coupling to surface polaritons mediated by small scatterers
- Thermoelectric detection of propagating plasmons in graphene
- Guided Mid-IR and Near-IR Light within a Hybrid Hyperbolic-Material/Silicon Waveguide Heterostructure
- Quantum plasmons with optical-range frequencies in doped few-layer graphene
- Dielectric properties of graphene on transition metal dichalcogenide substrate
- Interaction-mitigated Landau damping
- Giant resonant skew scattering of plasma waves in a two-dimensional electron gas
- Tunable hyperbolic Landau-level polaritons in charge-neutral graphene nanoribbon metasurfaces
- The role of the exchange-Coulomb potential in two-dimensional electron transport
- Phase-sensitive tip-enhanced sum frequency generation spectroscopy using temporally asymmetric pulse for detecting weak vibrational signals
- Ultralong Lifetime Plasmons on Picosecond Time Scale Enabled by Hybrid Plasmon-Phonon Polaritons
- Engineering Phonon Polaritons in van der Waals Heterostructures to Enhance In-Plane Optical Anisotropy
- Broadband Focusing of Acoustic Plasmons in Graphene with an Applied Current
- Terahertz magneto-nanoscopy of encapsulated monolayer graphene
- Growth of Tall Vertical Carbon Nanotube Forests using Al-Fe Catalysts and Transfer to Flexible Substrates
- Possible dimensionality transition behavior in localized plasmon resonances of confinement-controlled graphene devices
- Screened topological plasmons in graphene plasmonic crystals
- Electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in Dirac electron tunneling transistors
- Coherent phenomena in terahertz 2D plasmonic structures: strong coupling, plasmonic crystals, and induced transparency by coupling of localized modes
- Interband plasmon polaritons in magnetized charge-neutral graphene
- Unveiling the detection dynamics of semiconductor nanowire photodetectors by terahertz near-field nanoscopy
- Nonlocal and nonlinear plasmonics in atomically thin heterostructures
- Terahertz-nanoscale visualization of the microscopic spin-charge architecture of colossal magnetoresistive switching
- Ultrafast Momentum-Resolved Probing of Plasmon Thermal Dynamics with Free Electrons
- Ultrabroad-Band Direct Digital Refractive Index Imaging Based on Suspended Graphene Plasmon Cavities
- Magnetic Brightening and Nanoscale Imaging of Spin-Polarized Helical Edge Modes
- Graphene plasmonics for light trapping and absorption engineering
- Strong THz and Infrared Optical Forces on a Suspended Single-Layer Graphene Sheet
- Raman signal-enhancement and broadening with graphene-coated diamond-shape nano-antennas
- Plasma echoes in graphene
- Electrical generation of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic heterostructures
- Resonant optical gating of suspended carbon nanotube transistor
- Quasi-stationary near-gate plasmons in van der Waals heterostructures
- Electrical Control of Linear Dichroism in Black Phosphorus from the Visible to Mid-Infrared
- Image polaritons in van der Waals crystals