Electrical Control of Optical Emitter Relaxation Pathways enabled by Graphene

Abstract

Controlling the energy flow processes and the associated energy relaxation rates of a light emitter is of high fundamental interest, and has many applications in the fields of quantum optics, photovoltaics, photodetection, biosensing and light emission. While advanced dielectric and metallic systems have been developed to tailor the interaction between an emitter and its environment, active control of the energy flow has remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate in-situ electrical control of the relaxation pathways of excited erbium ions, which emit light at the technologically relevant telecommunication wavelength of 1.5 $\mu$m. By placing the erbium at a few nanometres distance from graphene, we modify the relaxation rate by more than a factor of three, and control whether the emitter decays into either electron-hole pairs, emitted photons or graphene near-infrared plasmons, confined to $<$15 nm to the sheet. These capabilities to dictate optical energy transfer processes through electrical control of the local density of optical states constitute a new paradigm for active (quantum) photonics.

9 pages, 4 figures

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• Raman Spectroscopy of Electrochemically-Gated Graphene Transistors: Geometrical Capacitance, Electron-Phonon, Electron-Electron, and Electron-Defect Scattering
• Quantum Nanophotonics in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Electrical control of near-field energy transfer between quantum dots and 2D semiconductors
• Distance Dependence of the Energy Transfer Rate From a Single Semiconductor Nanostructure to Graphene
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• Fano Resonance in an Electrically Driven Plasmonic Device
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• Limits to the Optical Response of Graphene and 2D Materials
• Activating spin-forbidden transitions in molecules by the highly localized plasmonic field
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• Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene
• Surface plasmon launching by polariton superradiance
• Mechanical tunability of an ultra-narrow spectral feature with uniaxial stress
• Impact of dark excitons on Förster type resonant energy transfer between dye molecules and atomically thin semiconductors
• Purcell effect at metal-insulator transitions
• A quantum emitter coated with graphene interacting in the strong coupling regime
• Localized Surface Plasmons in Vibrating Graphene Nanodisks
• Optoelectronic control of atomic bistability with graphene
• Light-matter interaction of a quantum emitter near a half-space graphene nanostructure
• Dicke Phase Transition in a Disordered Emitter-Graphene Plasmon System
• Determining graphene's induced band gap with magnetic and electric emitters
• Enhancing two-photon spontaneous emission in rare earths using graphene and graphene nanoribbons
• Sideband ground-state cooling of graphene with Rydberg atoms via vacuum forces
• Chiral near-field control of quantum light generation using magneto-optical graphene
• Electro-mechanical control of an optical emitter using graphene
• Controlling spontaneous emission via electronic correlations in transparent metals
• Electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in Dirac electron tunneling transistors
• Graphene as a Tunable Nonradiative Bath for Moiré Excitons